Chapter 9 & 10 Science Vocab
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Last updated 11:48 PM on 5/10/23
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28 Terms
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atom
the smallesst piece of an element that still represents that element
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electron
a particle with one negative charge
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nucleus
a small area in the center of an atom where most if an atom’s mass and positive charge is concentrated
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proton
an atomic particle that has one positive charge
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neutron
a neutral particle that exissts in the nucleus of an atom
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electron cloud
an area around an atomic nucleus where an electron is most likely to be located
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ion
an atoms that is no longer neutral befcause it has gained or lost electrons
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atomic number
the number of protions in an atom of an element
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isotope
atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
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mass number
the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
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average atomic mass
the average mass of the element’s isotopes, weighted according to the abundance of each isotope
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radioactive
elements that spontaneously emit radiation
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nuclear decay
a process that occurs when an unstable atomic nucleus changes into another more stable nucleus by emitting radiation
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periodic table
a chart of the elements arranged into rows and columns according to their physical and chemical properties
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group
a column on the periodic table
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period
the rows on the periodic table
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metal
an element that is generally shiny, easily pulled int othin sheets, and a good conductor of electricity and thermal energy
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luster
describes the ability of a metal to reflect light
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ductility
the ability to be pulled into thin wires
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malleability
the ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into sheets
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alkali metal
the elements in group 1
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alkaline earth metal
the elements in group 2 on the periodic table
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transition element
the elements in group 3-12
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nonmetal
elements that have no metalic properties
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halogen
an element in group 17 of the periodic table
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noble gas
th element in group 18 of the periodic table
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metalloid
an element that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and non metals
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semiconductor
conducts electricity at high temperatures but not low temperatures
