Chapter 9 & 10 Science Vocab

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28 Terms

1

atom

the smallesst piece of an element that still represents that element

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2

electron

a particle with one negative charge

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3

nucleus

a small area in the center of an atom where most if an atom’s mass and positive charge is concentrated

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4

proton

an atomic particle that has one positive charge

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5

neutron

a neutral particle that exissts in the nucleus of an atom

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6

electron cloud

an area around an atomic nucleus where an electron is most likely to be located

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7

ion

an atoms that is no longer neutral befcause it has gained or lost electrons

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8

atomic number

the number of protions in an atom of an element

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9

isotope

atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

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10

mass number

the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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11

average atomic mass

the average mass of the element’s isotopes, weighted according to the abundance of each isotope

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12

radioactive

elements that spontaneously emit radiation

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13

nuclear decay

a process that occurs when an unstable atomic nucleus changes into another more stable nucleus by emitting radiation

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14

periodic table

a chart of the elements arranged into rows and columns according to their physical and chemical properties

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15

group

a column on the periodic table

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16

period

the rows on the periodic table

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17

metal

an element that is generally shiny, easily pulled int othin sheets, and a good conductor of electricity and thermal energy

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18

luster

describes the ability of a metal to reflect light

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19

ductility

the ability to be pulled into thin wires

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20

malleability

the ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into sheets

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21

alkali metal

the elements in group 1

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22

alkaline earth metal

the elements in group 2 on the periodic table

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23

transition element

the elements in group 3-12

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24

nonmetal

elements that have no metalic properties

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25

halogen

an element in group 17 of the periodic table

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26

noble gas

th element in group 18 of the periodic table

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27

metalloid

an element that has physical and chemical properties of both metals and non metals

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28

semiconductor

conducts electricity at high temperatures but not low temperatures

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