chemistry test topics

H

hydrogen

He

helium

Li

lithium

Be

beryllium

B

boron

C

carbon

N

nitrogen

O

oxygen

F

fluorine

Ne

neon

Na

sodium

Mg

magnesium

Al

aluminum

Si

silicon

P

phosphorus

S

sulfur

Cl

chlorine

Ar

argon

K

potassium

Ca

calcium

Sc

scandium

Ti

titanium

V

vanadium

Cr

chromium

Mn

manganese

Fe

iron

Co

cobalt

Ni

nickel

Cu

copper

Zn

zinc

Ga

gallium

Ge

germanium

As

arsenic

Se

selenium

Br

bromine

Kr

krypton

Rb

rubidium

Sr

strontium

Y

yttrium

Zr

zirconium

Nb

niobium

Mo

molybdenum

Tc

technetium

Ru

ruthenium

Rh

rhodium

Pd

palladium

Ag

silver

Cd

cadmium

In

indium

Sn

tin

rule 1

all non-zero numbers are considered significant

rule 2

zeros that are between two non-zero numbers are significant

rule 3

zeros at the end of a number and to the right of a decimal are significant

rule 4a

zeros that are placeholders are NOT significant (leftmost zeros appearing in front of nonzero numbers)

rule 4b

zeros at the end of a number and to the left of a decimal are significant

Democritus

the “good guy” of the story

came up with “atomos”

Aristotle

the “bad guy”

set back science because of his beliefs

Dalton

schoolteacher

comes up with the atomic theory

JJ Thomson

electrons

proposed plum-pudding model

Ernest Rutherford

came up with the nucleus and proton

James Chadwick

came up with neutron theory

isotopes

atoms with some number of protons but different number of neutrons

Dimitri Mendeleev

arranged elements in order of increasing atomic mass, thus called the periodic table

Henry Moseley

arranged elements according to increasing atomic number

metals

electrical conductors, have luster, ductile, malleable

nonmetals

generally brittle and non-lustrous, poor conductors of heat and electricity

metalloids

have properties of both metals and nonmentals

alkali metals

group 1A

alkaline earth metals

group 2A

halogens

group 7A

noble gases

group 8A

transition metals

in the D columns of the periodic table

atomic size

goes toward the direction of bottom left corner

question or problem

step 1 scientific method

research

step 2 scientific method

hypothesis

step 3 scientific method

experiment

step 4 scientific method

data analysis

step 5 scientific method

conclusion

step 6 scientific method

if and then

format of hypothesis

giga

10(9)

mega

10(6)

kilo

10(3)

deci

10(-1)

centi

10(-2)

milli

10(-3)

micro

10(-6)

nano

10(-9)

pico

10(-12)

precision

how close the measurements are to each other

accuracy

how close the measurement is to the value

density

mass/volume

ways to get density

water or nonwater

physical properties

property that can be observed/measured without changing the material’s composition

chemical properties

property that can only be observed by changing the material’s composition

C to K

+273.15

meter

SI unit for length

kilogram

SI unit for mass

kelvin

SI unit for temperature

mol

SI unit for the amount of something