endocrine system 2

goiter symptoms

enlargened thyroid

most common goiter cause

iodine deficiency/salt deficiency

thyroid location

front of neck

parathyroid location

behind the thyroid

thyroid function

controls metabolism

T3 and T4 function

regulate basal metabolic rate/BMR regulation

calcitonin

regulates blood calcium level

hyperthyroidism symptoms

high T3 and T4 levels, low TSH levels weight loss, irregular heartbeat, nervousness, heat sensitivity

Grave’s symptoms

bulging eyes, goiter, hyperthyroidism symptoms

Hashimoto’s symptoms

goiter, joint and muscle pain, hypothyroidism symptoms

hypothyroidism symptoms

low T3 and T4 levels, high TSH levels, cold sensitivity, weight gain, fatigue

TSH function

regulates T3 and T4 levels, shifts opposite in response to T3 and T4 changes

PTH function

takes calcium from bones to make it available in the blood

adrenal glands location

on top of kidneys

adrenal glands function

produce hormones, regulate blood pressure and stress response

pancreas function

produces insulin and glucagon

hormones produced by adrenal medulla

norepinephrine, dopamine, epinephrine

hormones produced by adrenal cortex

aldosterone, androgens, estrogen, cortisol

aldosterone function

helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium, maintaining blood pressure

cushing’s/hyperadrenocorticism causes

adrenal cortex produces too much cortisol

cushing’s/hyperadrenocorticism symptoms

increased thirst and urination, hunger, increased panting, pot belly, obesity, hair loss

addison’s causes

adrenal cortex does not produce enough cortisol

addison’s symptoms

low blood pressure, increased skin pigmentation, weight loss, low sex hormone levels

insulin function

increases cellular glucose uptake, decreasing blood sugar

glucagon function

stimulates liver to break down glycogen, raising blood sugar

type 1 (juvenile onset) diabetes cause

commonly autoimmune disease that destroys pancreatic cells

type 2 (mature onset) diabetes cause

commonly occurs in overweight people, can be controlled with diet

type 1 (juvenile onset) diabetes symptoms

frequent urination, thirst, hunger, fatigue, inability to regulate blood sugar, weight loss

type 2 (mature onset) diabetes symptoms

frequent urination, thirst, hunger, fatigue, inability to regulate blood sugar

diabetic neuropathy symptoms

pain, tingling, loss of feeling in extremities, slow healing

diabetes insipidus symptoms

thirst and excessive urination

diabetes insipidus causes

either doesn’t produce or respond to ADH

adrenal sex hormones’ function

secondary sex character development

pineal gland location

brain

pineal gland function

melatonin production, regulates circadian rhythms

thymus function

produces thymosin

thymosin function

immune function

thymus location

above heart, between lungs

testes function

testosterone production

ovaries function

estrogen and progesterone production