MAPEH QUARTER 1 REVIEWER

4 conditions needed for art preservation

1. The materials used by the artists were durable

2. The environment was not destructive to artworks

3. The culture was highly organized, with stable population centers.

4. The culture had a tradition of storing its artworks in places of limited or no accessibility.

Some of the ancient art dated from the _____of about 30,000 B.C.E. a few hundred years before the start of our common era. widely scattered in Asia, Africa, and Mesoamerica.

Chauvet Cave

female statuette made of stone. It symbolizes Fertility and is used as an amulet or goodluck charm. Has exaggerated reproductive features.

Venus of Willendorf

Formed 25,000 years ago and found in Austria

Venus of Willendorf

On the plain south of England, The enormous megalith known as ______ is the Prominent Feature.

Stonehenge

Built in 2000 BC and The structure consists of four concentric rings of stones, the outermost ring being 100 feet in diameter. The basis of the structure is a post-and-lintel construction, in which two uprights are surmounted by a horizontal crosspiece, the lintel.

Stonehenge

Solved the puzzle of the Stonehenge in 1964

astronomer Gerald S. Hawkins

Purpose of Stonehenge

organized to predict the winter solstice, the spring and autumn equinoxes, and even eclipses of the sun and moon. So the Stonehenge functioned as giant calendar.

two ancient cultures in Middle East with coherent and reasonably intact artistic production are in _______ and ______. These two are considered the ancestors of Western art and civilization.

Mesopotamia and Egypt.

"Cradle of Civilization"

Mesopotamia

5 Kingdoms known for their distinguished art.

Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians, and the second wave of Babylonians whose culture is referred to as Neo-Babylonian.

Sumerian Art

is exemplified by a group of ritual statue

Ritual statues from ______________

Abu Temple at Tell Asmar.

The figures served as god of vegetation and they represent priests and worshippers.

Sumerian Art

bodies are extremely stylized and some of the figures seem rather like decorated cylinders. The statue's hands are clasped in the ritual Sumerian gesture of worship. Male statues showed heavily textured beards and the lips are curved upward as though to smile and are alive, not dead.

Sumerian Art

_____ and _____ which seem to serve as the medium of communication between the worshippers and their gods.

Colored stones and Shells

produced sculptures and objects carved from alabaster, gypsum, lapis lazuli, limestone, marble, and wood. Sumerian craftsmanship was of marked excellence from very early times. Details and decorative elements were often inlaid using shell, lapis lazuli, red limestone, black limestone, and gold.

Sumerians

introduced loyalty to their specific ruler and not to a city-state.

Akkadians

most prominent king was

Sargon I.

Experts believed that the Head of Dignitary found in Nineveh was a ruler because of a piece's fine workmanship and costly copper material. This lifelike features-

Heavy-lidded black eyes

Sensitive mouth

Strong nose

Outthrust ears

naturalistic portrait of a real person and not an idealized head only. This is RARE in art. The expression in the eyes showed a wise, powerful, and dignified leader.

Head of Akkadian King

Was united by King Hammurabi

Babylonian

he united Mesopotamia as an empire and earned a place in history for introducing his comprehensive legal system. He introduced the Hammurabi code which was inscribed on a stone tablet

King Hammurabi

mighty citadels or fortresses were erected to ensure safety.

Assyrian

Ruler of the Assyrian Empire

Ashurnasirpal II

Human-headed winged lion

Assyrian

The ________ palace was built with gates fronted by monumental stone slabs curved into enormous human-headed winged beasts, a bull and a lion.

Ashurnasirpal palace

When Babylonians came into power again in Mesopotamia, they formed a kingdom called

Neo-Babylonian

ranked among the great architects of the ancient world. They were the first to develop a true arch before the Romans did.

Neo-Babylonian

masters of decorative design for architecture.

Neo-Babylonian

Leader of Neo-Babylonian

Nebuchadnezzar

The city of ____ is a really planned city.

Babylon

Architects that time made liberal use of glazed ______ bricks because of scarce stone in the region.

Glazed Ceramic bricks

The glazed ceramic animals were probably meant as ________ of the gate.

Spirit Guardians

the end of the Processional Way was the _____ Gate made with thousands of glazed mud bricks with two massive towers connecting a central arch.

Ishtar Gate

is created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to create a feeling of organized movement in an artwork.

Rhythm

in the artwork is a measurement of the size and quantity of elements within a composition.

Proportion

was used by the artist to

make a certain part of the artwork stand out. This catches the viewer's eye. Ancient arts artists were not very particular with some other principles maybe because of inadequate or lack of materials that time.

Emphasis

is arranging elements so that no one part of a work overpowers, or seems heavier than any other part.

Balance

The three different kinds of balance are

symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial.

is another important element of art. It is showing consistency with colors or lines.

Pattern

Principal Message of Egyptian Art

Continuity

The _____ is the symbol of continuity

Sphinx

It reflects stability, order, and endurance. Built about 2530 BCE with 65 feet in height, facing the rising sun

Sphinx

has the body of a reclining lion and the head of a man.

Sphinx

The Sphinx is believed to be the ____ whose pyramid tomb is just nearby

Pharoah Chefren

earlier relic from Egyptian culture is the so-called

Palatte of King Narmer

was an elaborate, formalized version of a utilitarian object during the pre-dynastic period. This tablet was the early blueprint of the formula of figure representation that ruled Egyptian art for 3000 years

Palatte of King Narmer

A common sculpture type from that period is the ____ depicting a high court official. This sculpture is symmetrical or proportioned and reserved. The scribe's face shows intelligence and dignity while the body depicts wisdom.

Seated Scribe

____ Art influenced western art

Greek

The Greek serenity of spirit, ___ of ____, and ___ in life are clearly reflected in their art.

enity of spirit, love of logic, and joy

The _____is an ancient Greek temple of Ionic style on the north side of the Acropolis of Athens

Erechtheum

The ______ was used by the Greeks as a grave marker. They also used these vases as prizes at the games in Athens every summer.

Amphora

_________ (vase) would have been usually filled with sacred olive oil in Athens, and awarded as a prize to a winner of the Panathenaic games held in Athens

Panathenaic amphora

Is the main practice of Western plainchant. It is a form of monophonic, sacred song without accompaniment of the Western Roman Catholic Church.

Gregorian Chant

Gregorian chant developed mainly in Western and Central Europe during____

9th and 10th centuries.

Introduced the Gregorian Chant

Pope St. Gregory the Great

Scholars say that the Gregorian chant was created from a later _______ synthesis of Gallican chant and Roman chant.

Carolingian

THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE

MIDDLE AGES OR -DARK AGES

STARTED WITH THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE.

DARK AGES

APPROVED MUSIC OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH.

GREGORIAN CHANT

MONOPHONIC

FREE METER USUALLY BASED ON LATIN LITURGY

USE OF NEUME NOTATION (IS USED TO SET MUSIC TO AN EXISTING TEXT)

CHARACTERISTICS OF GREGORIAN CHANT:

"Pope Marcellus Mass"

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

He is said to be the greatest master of Roman Catholic Church music during the Renaissance period.

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

Majority of his compositions are sacred music. He was committed to sacred music and has a keen interest in satisfying the desires of church leaders in the sixteenth century.

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

Rome, 1525-February 2, 1594.

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

THE TERM RENAISSANCE COMES FROM THE WORD "RENAITRE" WHICH MEANS

"REBIRTH", "REVIVAL", AND "REDISCOVERY".

THE RENAISSANCE PERIOD IS A PERIOD OF OF LOOKING BACK|| TO THE GOLDEN AGE OF ____

ROME

• MOSTLY POLYPHONIC ⚫IMITATION AMONG THE VOICES IS COMMON

⚫ USE OF WORD PAINTING IN TEXTS AND MUSIC

⚫ MELODIC LINES MOVE IN A FLOWING MANNER

⚫ MELODIES ARE EASIER TO PERFORM BECAUSE THESE MOVE ALONG A SCALE WITH A FEW LARGE LEAPS

CHARACTERISTICS OF RENAISSANCE MUSC:

Is a form of sacred musical composition that sets texts of the Eucharistic liturgy into music.

MASS

A secular vocal polyphonic music composition which originated from Italy. It is written and expressed in a poetic text and sung during courtly social gatherings. It is the most important secular form during the Renaissance period.

MADRIGAL

1. Kyrie (Lord Have Mercy) (Kyrie is the only section of Mass with Greek text)

2. Glorle (Glory to God in the Highest)

3. Credo (I Believe in One God) 4. Sanctus and Benedictus (Holy, holy and Blessed Is He)

4. Agnus Del (Lamb of God)

5 Main Sections of Mass:

MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIOD

1685-1750

THE WORD BAROQUE IS DERIVED FROM THE PORTUGUESE WORD

"BARROCO"

WHICH MEANS PEARL OF IRREGULAR SHAPE.

"BARROCO"

DURING THIS TIME, THE ARTS HIGHLIGHTED GRANDIOSE AND ELABORATE ORNAMENTATION. THESE WERE CLEARLY SEEN IN THE MUSICAL COMPOSITIONS CREATED BY BAROQUE COMPOSERS

MUSIC OF THE BAROQUE PERIOD

Year 1685-1750

Operas, Oratorios, Suites, Toccatas, Concerto Grosso, Fugue

MUSIC GENRES OF BAROQUE PERIOD

are the keyboard instruments that are commonly used

Harpsichord and organ

consists of strings and continuous

Orchestra

Melodies sound elaborate and ornamental

Melodies are not easy to sing or remember

Primarily contrapuntal textures with some homophony Dynamic contrast - alternation between loud and soft

Music genres: Operas, Oratorios, Suites, Toccatas, Concerto Grosso, Fugue

Orchestra consists of strings and continuous

Harpsichord and organ are the keyboard instruments that are commonly used

Characteristics of Baroque Music

A FORM OF ORCHESTRAL MUSIC THAT EMPLOYS A SOLO INSTRUMENT ACCOMPANIED BY AN ORCHESTRA.

CONCERTO

A FORM OF ORCHESTRAL MUSIC DURING THE BAROQUE PERIOD WHEREIN THE MUSIC IS BETWEEN A SMALL GROUP OF SOLO INSTRUMENTS CALLED CONCERTINO AND THE WHOLE ORCHESTRA CALLED TUTTI.

CONCERTO GROSSO

A CONTRAPUNTAL PIECE, DEVELOPED MAINLY BY IMITATIVE COUNTERPOINT.

FUGUE

A LARGE SCALE MUSICAL COMPOSITION FOR ORCHESTRA AND VOICES THAT INCORPORATES NARRATIVES ON RELIGIOUS THEMES. UNLIKE USUAL THEATRICAL WORKS, THIS IS USUALLY PERFORMED WITHOUT THE USE OF COSTUMES, SCENERY, OR ACTION. IT IS USUALLY WRITTEN IN THE NATIVE LANGUAGE FOR THE INTENDED AUDIENCE.

ORATORIO

MUSICAL COMPOSITIONS THAT RESEMBLE A HARMONIZED VERSION OF HYMNAL TUNES OF THE PROTESTANT CHURCH DURING THE BAROQUE ERA.

CHORALE

Johann Sebastian Bach

Germany, March 21, 1685-July 28, 1750

was a religious man. His personal and deep faith is shown in his sacred music. He was known for his compositions for organ, orchestra, and oratorio.

Johann Sebastian Bach

Johann's famous works are:

Mass in B Minor

Brandenburg Concertos

Cantata 208 and 211

Fugue in G Minor

Toccata and Fugue in D Minor

Antonio Vivaldi

Venice, March 4, 1678

Vienna, July 28, 1741

nicknamed II Prete Rosso ("The Red Priest") because of his red hair, was an Italian Baroque composer, Catholic priest and a virtuoso violinist. Recognized as one of the greatest Baroque composers, his influence during his lifetime was widespread over Europe.

Antonio Vivaldi

His most famous piece is "The Four Seasons". This composition is a series of four violin concerti depicting each of the seasons: Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter.

Antonio Vivaldi

George Friedrich Handel

English composer, organ and choral music

George Friedrich Handel

Germany, February 23, 1685

London, April 14, 1759

Despite his father's opposition, ____secretly taught himself to play the harpsichord. At age 7, he gained access to a church organ and started to play. A Duke heard him play and insisted on giving him a formal music education.

George Friedrich Handel

is remembered for his operas and oratorios. became England's favorite composer. lost both of his eyesight in 1753. When he conducted his oratorio, Samson," a few in the audience were unaware that he had lost his eyesight.

George Friedrich Handel

His most famous composition is the "Messiah"

George Friedrich Handel

INCLUDES ALL HUMAN EXISTENCE BEFORE THE EMERGENCE OF WRITING.

PRE-HISTORIC

THEIR PAINTINGS WERE FOUND INSIDE THE CAVES WHICH MAY HAVE BEEN THEIR WAY OF COMMUNICATING WITH EACH OTHER. IT MAY ALSO BE FOR RELIGIOUS OR CEREMONIAL PURPOSES.

PRE-HISTORIC