KAAP310 practical 3 urinalysis

What is the normal pH range of urine?

4.5 to 7.5

The pH of urine is generally considered what?

Slightly Acidic

A pale yellow color in urine can be a sign of excessive urine intake but also a sign of what?

diabetes insipidus

A brighter yellow color of urine could be indicative of high levels of what?

vitamins

A straw to amber color in urine could be indicative of what?

Dehydration from illness

What is the normal clarity of urine?

clear

What urine clarity may indicate excessive levels of protein, fats, WBC’s, mineral salts or bacterial infections?

Cloudiness

The high pH of urine may be indicative of what?

Bacterial Infection or certain dietary supplements

A consistently low pH in urine may be a sign of what?

diabetes mellitus

Persistent Presence of protein may indicate what?

glomerular damage

kidney damage, diabetes may cause the presence of what in the urine?

glucose

The presence of what is usually a sign of urinary tract infection?

Nitrates

Starvation, diabetes, strenuous exercise, alcoholism or pregnancy may cause the presence of what in the urine?

Ketones

cases of extreme physical activity, certain medication, liver/kidney damage, infection or UT damage are possible causes of what in the urine?

blood/hemoglobin

cirrhosis, excessive RBC break down types of anemia or traumatic injury to liver/gall bladder are causes of what in the urine?

Bilirubin

What is based on the mass of a urine sample as compared to the mass of pure water in the metabolism?

Specific Gravity

What is the normal range for specific gravity?

1.005 to 1.030