(FLASHCARDS) Lesson 14: Animal Blood Circulation

Plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

What are the four components of blood?

Platelets

This component of blood assists in blood clotting

Erythrocytes

This component of blood contains hemoglobin to transport oxygen

Leukocytes

This component of blood defends against pathogens

Plasma

This component of blood is mostly made of water and transports nutrients, hormones, and waste

Transportation, regulation, and protection

These are the three functions of blood (one word each)

Carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes carbon dioxide and waste

What is the transportation function of blood?

Distributes hormones and helps maintain body temperature and pH balance

How does blood function in regulation?

Clotting to prevent blood loss and circulates immune cells to fight infections

How does blood function in protection?

Bone marrow

Blood cell production (hematopoiesis) occurs in _____________.

erythropoietin

Red blood cell production is stimulated by ________________ from the kidneys when oxygen levels are low.

Fish

This organism has a two chambered heart (1 atrium, 1 ventricle)

oxygen

Fish: Blood gets _________ from gills before circulating to the body.

Amphibians and most reptiles

These organisms have a 3 chambered heart (2 atria, 1 ventricle) and utilizes double circulation

Double circulation

Separate circuits for lungs and body

oxygen

Some ____________ have partial or complete septum to reduce blood mixing

These organisms have a 4 chambered heart (2 atria, 2 ventricles) and a complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

endothermy

Highly efficient circulation supports ______________ (warm-blooded metabolism).

Deoxygenated blood enters heart, blood oxygenated by the lungs, oxygenated blood returns to the heart, blood is pumped to the body, deoxygenated blood returns to the heart

What is the general flow of blood through the mammalian circulatory system?

Right atrium

1. Deoxygenated blood enters the heart: Superior & inferior vena cava → _____________

Pulmonary arteries

1. Deoxygenated blood enters the heart: Right atrium → Right ventricle → __________________ → Lungs

released, absorbed

1. Oxygenation in the lungs

   • Carbon dioxide is ________, oxygen is _________.

Pulmonary veins

1. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart

   • ________________ →Left atrium → Left ventricle

Aorta, Arteries

1. Oxygenated blood is pumped to the body

   • Left ventricle → ________ → _________ → Capillaries (oxygen exchange with tissues).

Vena cava

5. Blood returns to the heart

Veins → _________ → Cycle repeats.

ventricles

When the atria contracts (systole), blood moves to the ____________.

contract

When ventricles __________(systole), blood is pumped into pulmonary and systemic circuits

relax

When ventricles ___________(diastole), the heart refills.

Systolic pressure

Pressure during ventricular contraction

Diastolic pressure

Pressure during ventricular relaxation

sphygmomanometer

Blood pressure is measured with a __________________.

Hypertension

_________________ (>140/90 mmHg) increases risk of heart disease & stroke.

Signals the atria to contract

What does an SA Node (pacemaker) do?

Passes signal to ventricles via Purkinje fibers

What does an AV Node do?

When capillaries leak plasma

How is lymph formed?

Nutrients, immune cells, and waste

What is lymph comprised of?

lymph nodes

Lymph capillaries collect excess fluid and ________ __________ filter the fluid.

veins near the heart

Larger lymphatic vessels return lymph to _________________.

maintains fluid balance, supports immune function by filtering pathogens, and aids in fat absorption from the digestive system

What are the three main functions of the lymphatic system?

arterioles

As blood flows away from the heart through an artery, it travels through smaller vessels called ___________.

capillaries

As blood flows away from the heart through an artery, it travels through smaller vessels called arterioles . Blood then reaches the ___________, which is where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with tissues.

venules

As blood flows away from the heart through an artery, it travels through smaller vessels called arterioles . Blood then reaches the capillaries , which is where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged with tissues. These structures regroup to form __________, which make up veins. Blood then travels back to the heart.

The kidneys sense oxygen levels and blood pressure

Erythropoietin is a hormone made by the kidneys. What is the kidney monitoring that triggers the release of erythropoietin?

Monocytes

large white blood cells

bile

Aged blood cells removed by the liver become a component of __________.

open circulatory

Arthropods have _______________ systems.

Closed circulatory system

• end to end capillaries

• lymphatic circulation reenters blood circulation

• Higher blood pressure

• Rapid circulation

• (Ex: humans)

They have three hearts

What is unique about the Closed Circulatory System of Cephalopod Mollusks?

blue

What is the color in anatomical charts represents deoxygenated blood?

red

What is the color in anatomical charts represents oxygenated blood?

pulmonary artery

What is an example of an artery that carries deoxygenated blood?