Hunstanton Fieldwork Revision

Flashcards covering both physical and human geography fieldwork conducted at Hunstanton, focusing on longshore drift management and the impacts of tourism.

What was the hypothesis regarding the groynes at Hunstanton?

It is predicted that the groynes at Hunstanton will be effective in preventing longshore drift.

What was the primary aim of the physical investigation?

To discover how effective the groynes are at preventing the process of longshore drift.

Why is the location at Hunstanton suitable for physical enquiry?

It is on a stretch of coastline affected by the process of longshore drift.

What was the reason for the local council installing groynes?

To keep the beach for tourists.

What sampling method was used for Method 1: Beach profile?

Systematic sampling (fixed intervals).

What was the sample size for Method 1: Beach profile?

$3$ sites.

Identify the three sites used for the Beach profile sample size.

Between pier and groyne, between two groynes, and away from the groynes.

In the Beach profile method, what does Person A hold while standing by the sea?

A ranging pole.

How far up the beach from Person A does Person B hold the second ranging pole?

$1\,m$.

What instrument is used to measure the angle between matching markers on ranging poles?

A clinometer.

How frequently was the measurement angle repeated up the beach for Method 1?

Every $1\,m$.

What is one strength of the Beach profile method regarding its execution?

It is simple to carry out.

Why is systematic sampling considered a strength in the beach profile?

It is simple and has good coverage of the study area.

What is a major weakness related to the clinometer in Method 1?

There may be some user error when taking readings.

What must be done to ranging poles to avoid inaccurate measurements?

They need to be held straight and prevented from sinking into the sediment.

What was the sampling method for Method 2: Exposed height of groynes?

Systematic sampling (fixed intervals).

What was the sample size used for the exposed height of groynes?

$10$ groynes.

What tool is used to identify the updrift and downdrift sides of a groyne?

A compass.

What measurement is taken on each side of the groyne using a meter ruler?

From the top of the groyne to the surface of the sediment.

What is a strength of the exposed height of groynes method?

It clearly shows whether the groynes are working.

Why was the sample size of 10 groynes considered to be a strength?

It was large enough (measuring most groynes) to reach a reliable conclusion.

Name one weakness of the data collection for Method 2 regarding the measurement points.

Measurements were not taken at the same point along each groyne.

What should students ensure while holding the meter ruler in Method 2?

That it is held straight and does not sink into the sand.

What physical risk is posed by the tides?

Risk of powerful waves and drowning.

What safety measure was taken regarding tide times?

Consultation of tide timetables.

What physical risk is posed by the cliffs?

Danger of cliff collapse and falling rocks.

How were students kept safe from cliff-related risks?

They were told not to go near the foot of the cliff and kept away from the back of the beach.

What weather-related risk makes groynes dangerous?

Wet weather makes them slippery.

What is the risk of hot weather during fieldwork?

Dehydration.

What presentation method was used for the exposed height of groynes?

A bar chart.

What did the bar chart clearly show regarding updrift vs downdrift exposure?

Updrift is less exposed than downdrift.

According to the notes, what is a weakness of labeling groynes with letters in the presentation?

It is not possible to locate them.

What alternative presentation technique was suggested for the groyne height data?

Located bar graphs on a map of the beach.

What was the specific aim of Method 2 for sediment analysis?

To investigate the effect of the groynes on the sorting of beach material (increase in attrition).

What sampling method was used for sediment analysis?

Systematic sampling (fixed intervals).

What was the sample size for sediment analysis?

$5$ pebbles every $2\,m$ from the shore at 2 sites.

Where were the two sites for sediment analysis located?

Away from and between the groynes.

What tool was used to subjectively assess pebble roundness?

Power's chart.

Why was a quadrat used during sediment analysis?

To ensure that the pebbles were selected at random.

What is a weakness of using Power's chart for sediment assessment?

It is subjective.

How many pebbles were collected in total for sediment analysis according to the evaluation?

$150$.

According to the evaluation, what was the limitation of the sediment conclusion?

It was based on limited data (needs a larger sample size and more sites).

Which beach area result showed the steepest overall gradient?

The beach between the groynes.

Which beach area result showed the lowest overall gradient?

The beach measured with no groynes.

What were length and width measurements used to calculate in sediment analysis?

The area of each pebble.

What graph was used to show that the area of pebbles between groynes was smaller?

A cumulative frequency graph.

What erosional process is indicated by smaller pebbles between groynes?

Attrition.

What is the final physical fieldwork conclusion for Hunstanton?

Longshore drift is being managed effectively by the groynes.

What was the hypothesis and aim for the Human fieldwork investigation?

To discover if Hunstanton has been planned and developed for local residents or for tourists.

How many visitors does Hunstanton attract annually?

$45,000$ visitors.

How much money does tourism generate per year for Hunstanton?

$\text{£}423 \text{ million}$.

What was the sampling method for the human fieldwork Questionnaire?

Stratified random sampling.

What was the sample size for the Questionnaire method?

$30+$ locals.

What is one strength of using a questionnaire for data collection?

A good way to collect data about opinions and is cost efficient.

Name two weaknesses associated with questionnaires.

People may lie and they can be time consuming.

What was the aim of the Environmental Quality Survey (EQS)?

To investigate the impacts of tourism on the environment of Hunstanton.

What scale was used for scoring in the Environmental Quality Survey (EQS)?

$-3$ to $+3$.

Name four factors assessed in the Environmental Quality Survey.

Pollution, greenery, congestion levels, and density of wildlife habitats.

What was the sample size for the EQS and Retail Value survey?

$3$ sites.

What is a weakness of the EQS given in the evaluation?

The score is based on an opinion (subjective).

What was the aim of the Retail Value Survey?

To investigate whether local shops and businesses are for locals year-round or for tourists in summer.

What sampling method was used for the Retail Value Survey?

Systematic sampling (fixed sites along a transect).

List the six categories for grouping shops in the Retail Value Survey.

Department store, high street chain, independent specialist store, convenience store, charity shop, and vacant premises.

Where were the 3 sites for the Retail Value Survey located?

Along a transect directly opposite the beach.

What is one strength of assigning high value stores a higher score in the retail survey?

It shows easily which street is doing well from tourism.

What risk is associated with busy roads in the town?

Risk of accident and injury.

What safety instruction was given for crossing roads during human fieldwork?

Students must cross at crossings and walk in pairs.

What risk is posed by the general public during questionnaire collection?

Risk of verbal abuse and abduction.

What was provided to students to mitigate the risk of injury while walking?

First aid kits.

What presentation method was used for the Retail Value Survey results?

A bar chart.

According to the bar chart, what percentage of the shops are high street chains?

$27\%$.

What shop type was noted as not being present, indicating it's not busy enough?

Department stores.

Which location had the highest average EQS score?

The beach ($1.6$).

Which location had the lowest average EQS score?

The High Street ($0.1$).

What caused the low EQS score for the High Street?

High congestion and little habitats.

What percentage of locals felt that tourists are beneficial?

$95\%$.

What percentage of those who found tourism beneficial felt it was due to money?

$54\%$.

What percentage of people surveyed were employed in the tourist industry?

$46\%$.

What was the biggest issue raised by locals regarding tourism environmental impact?

Litter.

How many people surveyed raised litter as the biggest impact?

$16$ people.

What is a bias noted in the human fieldwork evaluation?

EQS is based on opinion and people may lie on questionnaires.

What was the conclusion of the human fieldwork regarding tourism's economic impact?

Tourism was found to be very beneficial for the economy.

Is the human fieldwork hypothesis accepted or rejected?

It can be partly accepted and rejected.

What town name is mentioned in the EQS strengths and Retail presentation weakness section?

Swanage.

What is the alternative presentation technique for retail shop locations?

Using GIS to map the location of the shops.

How was the roundness of pebbles assessed in sediment analysis?

Subjectively compared using Power's chart.

What was the sampling frequency for sediment analysis up the beach?

Every $2\,m$ from the shore.

What were students told about staying away from the sea?

Not to go too close to the shore and to stay out of the sea.

What was the consequence of measuring groynes at different points along the side?

It was a weakness that meant an average exposed height could not be reached easily.

What exam board and unit is this fieldwork for?

Unit 3, AQA.

How many groynes were in the bar chart data set?

Letters A through J (10 groynes).

What equipment is used in Method 1: Beach profile?

Two ranging poles and a clinometer.

What is the sampling method used for the Retail Value Survey along a transect?

Systematic sampling.

What was a weakness regarding decimal places in the presentation evaluation?

It was difficult to read the decimal places of readings.

What is the benefit of systematic sampling in physical fieldwork?

It ensures good coverage of the study area.

How many roads were visited for the Retail Value Survey?

$3$ roads.

What was the sample size of pebbles chosen at every interval for sediment analysis?

$5$ pebbles.

What was a strength of the scoring system in the Retail Value Survey?

It is an easy and cost-effective way of seeing the impact of tourism on the economy.

What are three risks identified in human fieldwork?

Busy roads, general public, and injury from walking around town.

How was secondary research used in Method 2 of the human fieldwork?

To choose the sites for the Environmental Quality Survey (systematic sites).