GEOG 1010: Exam 3 South Asia

What is the largest country in the region by size and population?

India

What are the 4 main physical subregions of S. Asia?

- Northern Mountains

- Indus-Ganges-Brahmaputra River Lowlands

- Peninsular India

- Southern Islands

What are monsoons? How do they work?

- seasonal change of wind direction corresponding to wet and dry periods

What are some anticipated impacts of climate change in S. Asia? What are some existing environmental problems?

- sea level rise which threatens rice crop

- increased heat reduces wheat harvest

- water shortages in pakistan

- swampland is already underwater

- floods and cyclones

- air and water pollution

Approximately how urbanized is S. Asia? How is this changing?

- least urbanized region

- 30% live in cities but urbanization is increasing

Where do most S. Asians live? Where are the most densely settled areas?

- compact rural villages

- most densely settled areas are those with fertile soul and dependable water

What are some outcomes of rapid growth in S. Asian cities?

- homelessness

- poverty

- congestion

- water shortages

- air pollution

- sewage disposal

- lack of clean water and sanitation

Where did Hinduism originate?

- Ganges Valley

What is the caste system?

- based on occupations (society rank)

When did Islam arrive in the region?

1000

Where is Hinduism vs. Islam more prevalent? When did Sikhism originate?

Hinduism: India and Nepal

Islam: everywhere else

Sikhism: 1400s

What is a key tenet of Jainism?

- nonviolence

What is the most widely-spoken language in the region?

- Hindi

What are India's official languages?

Hindi and English

Who ruled most of the region at the time Europeans first arrived? How did this contribute to European colonialism?

- Muslim Mughal Empire

- empire was weak

What was Partition?

- separating India and Pakistan

- Pakistan for Muslims

- India for Hindus

Who were Pakistan and India aligned with during the Cold War? How has this changed?

- Pakistan allied with US

- India leaned toward USSR

- Pakistan now with China

- India more with US

Why did Pakistan agree to help the US fight the Taliban? Why was this a complicated decision for them?

- because they got military and economic aid

- Pakistan supported Taliban in Afghanistan

What is Hindutva?

- Hindu nationalism

- which has been accused of inciting deadly violence in India

What is a major cause of stunted growth in India?

poor diets

What has been a major contributing factor to Bangladesh's recent economic growth?

- second largest exporter of apparel

Why are there concerns about Sri Lanka's debts?

- might have debts to China

- China took over a port because they did not pay them back