BIO 101 Chapter 3A Obj jc

3 Components of the Cell Theory

Cells are the fundamental unit of life

Organisms are made up of one or more cells

Cells come from pre existing cells

Magnification

Enlarging the size of an image

Resolution

Clarity of an image

Total Light Microscope Magnification

1,000x

Total Electron Microscope Magnification

100,000x.

Scanning Electron Microscope

Bounces electrons off the surface of cells for surface imaging

Transmission Electron Microscope

Sends electrons through a thin specimen for internal imaging

Smallest Observable Objects (Light Microscope)

Bacteria, Organelles, Small cells

Smallest Observable Objects (Electron Microscope)

Molecular details, Molecules, Atoms

Four Features Shared by All Cells

Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm/Cytosol
DNA
Ribosomes

Why are most cells small

Maximize surface area to volume ratio

Why is the surface area to volume ratio so important?

So they can move materials in and out efficiently

Number of Cell Types

2
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

Number of Domains

3
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Bacteria & Archaea Characteristics

Prokaryotic

Unicellular

Eukarya Characteristics

Eukaryotic

Uni/multi

Prokaryotic Characteristics

Smaller

Not complex

No nucleus

No organelles

Eukaryotic Characteristics

Larger

More complex

Has nucleus

Has organelles

Anatomy of prokaryote

Label ts:

Flagellum

Capsule

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm (the three shits below)

Ribosomes

Nucleoid with DNA

Cytosol

Flagellum Function

Movement

Cell Wall Function

Protection, prevent cell bursting

Nucleoid Function

Where DNA is located

DNA Function

Instructions for life/proteins

Capsule Function

Protection, stick to surfaces

Ribosomes Function

Protein synthesis

Cytosol Function

Liquid of cytoplasm, location of chemical reactions

Cell Membrane Function

Semi permeable membrane to control what comes in and out

Cytoplasm Function

Site of most cellular functions and contents

Nucleus Function

Stores DNA

Lysosome Function

Break down waste, digest food

Peroxisomes Function

Detoxify the cell by breaking down toxins

Vesicles Function

Small sacs that transport materials

Cytoskeleton Function

Give shape and support, Cell’s skeleton

Nucleolus Function

Make ribosomes/rRna

Golgi Apparatus Function

Receive, Modify, Store, and Package proteins and lipids for transport

Mitochondria Function

Convert food into ATP through cellular respiration

Four structures/organelles that are unique to plants

Cell Wall
Chloroplast
Large Central Vacuole
Plasmodesmata

4 Phospholipid Components

Two fatty acids
Phosphate group
Glycerol
Choline

Chemical Properties of Phospholipid Head

Hydrophilic
Made of a phosphate group

Chemical Properties of Phospholipid Tail

Hydrophobic
Made of fatty acids

Fluid Mosaic Model

Fluid - Phospholipid bilayer acts like a fluid (substances can move in and out)

Mosaic - Phospholipid is made up of other parts/biomolecules

3 Types of Membrane Proteins

Transport protein

Receptor protein

Enzymes