Year 9 Science Mid-Year Exam Review

Flashcards for Year 9 Science Mid-Year Examination 2025 covering Diseases and Nuclear Science topics.

Disease

An abnormal condition that impairs bodily functions, associated with specific symptoms and signs.

Infectious Disease

A disease caused by a pathogen that can be transmitted from one organism to another.

Non-Infectious Disease

A disease not caused by a pathogen and is not transmissible, often due to genetic or environmental factors.

Pandemic

An epidemic of infectious disease that has spread across a large region, such as multiple continents or worldwide.

Epidemic

A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.

Microbe

A microorganism, especially a bacterium causing disease or fermentation.

Pathogen

A bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

Host

An organism that harbors a parasite, mutual symbiont, or commensal, typically providing nourishment and shelter.

Vector

An organism, typically a biting insect or tick, that transmits a disease or parasite from one animal or plant to another.

Antigen

A toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.

Antibody

A blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen.

Phagocyte

A type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles.

Lymphocyte

A type of white blood cell in the immune system of vertebrates.

Vaccine

A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide immunity against one or several diseases.

Immunisation

The process whereby a person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine.

Antibiotic

A medicine that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria.

Atom

The basic building block of matter; consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Nucleus

The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

Proton

A subatomic particle with a positive electric charge.

Neutron

A subatomic particle with no electric charge.

Electron

A subatomic particle with a negative electric charge.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.

Atomic Weight

The average mass of atoms of an element, calculated using the relative abundance of isotopes in a naturally occurring element.

Isotopes

Two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties.

Radioactivity

The emission of ionizing radiation or particles caused by the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei.

Half-life

The time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value.