GU ANATOMY TEST 3 REVIEW

Kidneys function

• Remove waste products from the blood

• Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance

• Secrete substances that affect blood pressure

Kidneys

Shape:

Size:

Position:

Shape: bean shaped

Size: 4 ½” long, 2-3” wide, 1 ¼” thick, Left longer and narrower

Position: Retroperitoneal / L3 / attached to posterior abdomen / Rt kidney lower due to liver

hilum

The concave medial border of each kidney has a longitudinal slit, for transmission of the blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and ureter

Where is the hilum of the kidney?

What structures are located there?

the body of kidney

papilla and pelvis

what is the difference between outer cortex and inner medulla?

The renal medulla

composed mainly of the collecting tubules that give it a striated appearance

What structures account for the difference in appearance?

Collecting tubules

renal pyramids

constitute the renal medulla and contain part of the secreting and collecting tubules

renal sinus

The cavity of the kidney, containing the calices and pelvis of the ureter and the segmental vessels embedded within a fatty matrix

renal column

The prolongations of cortical substance separating the pyramids of the kidney

nephrons

A long convoluted tubular structure in the kidney, consisting of the renal corpuscle, the proximal convoluted tubule, the nephronic loop, and the distal convoluted tubule

glomerular capsule

The expanded beginning of a nephron composed of an inner and outer layer

Glomerulus

Serves as a filter for the blood, permitting water and finely dissolved substances to pass through the walls of the capillaries into the capsule

renal corpuscle

The tuft of glomerular capillaries and the capsula glomeruli that encloses it

renal artery

Origin, aorta supplies blood to the kidney (red)

afferent arteriole

Vessel entering the glomerular capsule

efferent arteriole

Vessel leaving the glomerular capsule

After exiting the glomerular capsules, the efferent arterioles form the capillary network surrounding the ________ ________

straight tubules

convoluted tubules

Communicate with renal veins

glomerular filtrate

The volume of water filtered out of the plasma through glomerular capillary walls

renal tubule

Continues from a glomerular capsule in the cortex of the kidney, then travels through the cortical and medullary substances

cortex

The outer portion of the kidney

medulla

Inner structure of the kidney

renal pelvis

A flattened funnel-shaped expansion of the upper end of the ureter receiving the calices

renal papilla

Drains into the minor calyx

major calyx

Unite to form the expanded funnel-shaped renal pelvis

minor calyx

Beginning branches of the calyces arising at the sides of the papilla

papilla

Drains its tributaries into the minor calyx

apex

Top of the kidney

How long are the ureters?

10-12 in

what structures do ureters come near as they travel to bladder

1. Behind peritoneum, in front of psoas muscle

2. Passes inferior and posterior in front of sacral wing

3. Curves anterior and medially to enter the posterolateral surface of the urinary bladder at level of the ischial spine

What are areas that the ureters narrow?

Come out of kidneys

Cross over the iliac crests

Enter bladder

Where do ureters they enter the bladder?

Posterolateral surface of urinary bladder

What is the function of the ureters?

Moves urine from the renal pelvis of the kidney to the bladder

What is the function of the urinary bladder?

Serves as a reservoir for urine

base (fundus) location

Posterior part

apex location

Anterosuperior aspect

(Adjacent to superior part of symphysus)

neck location

lowest, most fixed part

• for Men: Prostate

• for Women: Rests on pelvic diaphragm

How much urine can an adult bladder hold?

500 ml

What is the trigone?

Triangular area between the three openings (ureters, urethra)

Urethra Function?

Conveys urine out of the body

How long is the Urethra in women? Location?

1 ½ inches

(Passes along the thick anterior wall of the vagina to the external urethral orifice - in the vestibule 1” anterior to vaginal opening )

How long is the urethra in men? Location?

7-8 inches

(Extends from the bladder to the end of the penis and is divided into prostatic)

Describe the prostate location relative to the urinary system:

Surrounds the proximal part of the male urethra / posterior to inferior pubic symphysis