Consumer products and Methods of separating components of mixtures and compounds

Cosumer Products

products that are bought by individuals or households for personal use. goods that are bought for consumption by the average consumer.

Active Ingredients

One of the main components of consumer products.

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

includes information such as the properties of each chemical; the physical, health, and environmental health hazards; protective measures; and safety precautions for handling, storing, and transporting the chemical.

Mixture

a material made up of two or more different substances which are not chemically combined.

Filtration

A process used to separate solids from liquids or gases using a filter medium that allows the fluid to pass through but not the solid.

filtrate, residue

The fluid that passes through the filter is called the ____ and the solid particles which are retained in the filter paper is called _____.

Decantation

the process of separation of liquid from solid and other immiscible (non-mixing) liquids, by removing the liquid layer at the top from the layer of solid or liquid below.

The process can be carried out by tilting the mixture after pouring out the top layer. This process can also be used to separate two liquids that do not mix with each other for e.g., oil and water.

Mechanical Separation

this process uses forceps, sieves, magnet and other similar tools to separate the components of mixtures manually.

Centrifugation

a method of separating molecules having different densities by spinning them in solution around an axis (in a centrifuge rotor) at high speed.

centrifuge tube, rotor

During centrifugation, the particles are suspended in a liquid medium and placed in a _____. The tube is then placed in a ____ and spun at a defined speed.

Distillation

A process takes the advantage of the difference in boiling points of molecules and is best for mixtures involving two or more liquids.

It is a purification process where the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized and then condensed and isolated.

Chromatography

This process uses the difference in the degrees to which substances are absorbed on the surface of an inert substance, which affect the different rates of movement of each molecule.

volatile, condenser, distillate

In simple distillation, a mixture is heated, and the most _____ component vaporizes at the lowest temperature. The vapor passes through a cooled tube (a _____), where it condenses back into its liquid state. The condensate that is collected is called ______.

Electrolysis

This is a chemical decomposition or breakdown produced by passing an electric current through a liquid or solution containing ions.