Stephen Jay Gould's Critique of Yerkes' Intelligence Testing

Flashcards based on Stephen Jay Gould's critique of Yerkes' intelligence testing, covering key concepts, findings, and ethical implications.

What was the primary aim of Stephen Jay Gould's critical review of Yerkes' intelligence testing during World War I?

To critically analyze the methodology, results, and interpretations of Yerkes’ testing program and examine the ethical implications.

What significant methodological flaw did Gould highlight in Yerkes' intelligence tests?

Cultural bias, as the tests were influenced by cultural and educational factors, disadvantaging non-English speakers.

What were the Army Alpha and Beta tests used for in Yerkes' study?

To classify military recruits based on their cognitive abilities during World War I.

What was one finding claimed by Yerkes regarding the intelligence scores of recruits?

That the average mental age of recruits was 13 years, interpreted as evidence of widespread 'feeble-mindedness'.

How did Gould argue that intelligence testing could reinforce harmful stereotypes?

By using flawed tests, intelligence scores were misinterpreted to justify racist policies, including restrictions on certain ethnic groups.

What ethical concern did Gould raise about the informed consent of the recruits?

Recruits were not informed about the purpose of the tests or the use of their results.

What did Gould suggest about the relationship between intelligence and environmental factors?

He argued that intelligence should not be equated with innate ability, as environmental factors like education and socioeconomic status play a significant role.

What is one strength of Gould's critique of Yerkes' testing program?

It provided historical insight into one of the largest intelligence testing programs in history.

What was an identified weakness in Gould's critique?

He relied on existing data rather than conducting new empirical research.

Why is Gould's critique considered a landmark in psychology?

It exposed the dangers of biased research and its societal consequences, highlighting the need for ethical vigilance in psychological testing.