Canine Splanchnology and Anatomy Flashcards

Flashcards testing knowledge of splanchnology, body cavities, and major organ systems (digestive, respiratory, circulatory, urinary, reproductive) in canine anatomy based on lecture notes.

What is splanchnology?

The branch of anatomy that deals with the study of the viscera of the digestive, respiratory, and urogenital systems.

What are the four boundaries of the thoracic cavity?

The cranial thoracic inlet (cranial), thoracic vertebral bodies (dorsal), sternum (ventral), and diaphragm (caudal).

What structures pass through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm?

The aorta, azygous vein, and thoracic duct.

Which nerve innervates the diaphragm?

The phrenic nerve.

What structures define the boundaries of the pelvic inlet (cranial pelvic aperture)?

Dorsally by the sacral promontory, laterally by the arcuate line, and ventrally by the pecten of pubis.

How does anterior fetal presentation differ from breech presentation in dogs?

Anterior presentation is ideal and normal with the head and forepaws extended first, whereas breech presentation is abnormal with the hips/rump presenting first and hind legs held forward.

What is the primary difference between human saliva and canine saliva?

Canine saliva has no notable enzymatic activity (lacks digestive amylase) and serves primarily to lubricate food, moisten oral mucous membranes, and aid heat loss through panting.

What is a diastema in the oral cavity of a dog?

A toothless gap located between the canine teeth and the cheek teeth.

What are the three types of mechanical papillae on the canine tongue and where are they located?

Filiform papillae (rostral two-thirds), conical papillae (caudal one-third at the root), and marginal papillae (rostral half in newborns for suckling).

What is the lyssa body in the tongue of a dog?

A rod-shaped, fusiform fibrous spicule located ventrally at the apex of the tongue that contains adipose tissue, striated muscle, and cartilage, innervated by the hypoglossal nerve.

Which muscle acts as the sole dilator of the pharynx?

The stylopharyngeus muscle.

What is the permanent dental formula and total tooth count for an adult dog?

$2 \times (I 3/3, C 1/1, PM 4/4, M 2/3) = 42$.

Which teeth function as the carnassial (sectorial) teeth in the dog?

The upper 4th premolar ($P4$) and the lower 1st molar ($M1$).

How many roots do the upper 4th premolar ($P4$) and upper 1st molar ($M1$) possess in the dog?

3 roots each.

How does the esophageal muscle composition differ between dogs and cats?

In dogs, the esophageal muscular coat is composed of striated muscle throughout its entire length, whereas in cats, the distal (caudal) one-third is composed of smooth muscle.

What are the three smooth muscle layers of the gastric muscularis in the dog?

Outer longitudinal layer, middle circular layer, and inner oblique layer.

What is the storage capacity of a dog's fully enlarged stomach relative to body weight?

$100\text{ to }250\,\text{cc}$ per kilogram of body weight.

What are the four major lobes of the canine liver?

The left hepatic lobe, right hepatic lobe, caudate lobe, and quadrate lobe.

Which pancreatic duct serves as the main conduit of the gland in the dog, and where does it discharge?

The accessory pancreatic duct (dorsal duct or duct of Santorini), which opens into the duodenum at the minor duodenal papilla.

How are the lobes divided between the left and right lungs of a dog?

The left lung has 2 lobes (cranial and caudal), while the right lung has 4 lobes (cranial, middle/cardiac, caudal, and accessory).

What are the specific intercostal spaces for auscultating the heart valves on the left side of the canine thorax?

Mitral valve at the 5th intercostal space, Pulmonic valve between the 2nd and 4th intercostal spaces, and Aortic valve at the 4th intercostal space.

What is the normal intrinsic firing rate of the sinoatrial (SA) node in dogs?

$90\text{ to }160\,\text{beats/min}$.

Which accessory sex glands are present in the male dog?

The ampullary gland and the prostate gland.

Which ovarian ligament must be manually ruptured during a canine ovariohysterectomy (spay)?

The suspensory ligament of the ovary.

How many pairs of mammary glands do bitches and queens have?

The bitch has 5 pairs of mammary glands, whereas the queen has 4 pairs.