Anatomy and phys lab exam 1

frontal plane

splits the body into anterior and posterior parts

sagittal plane

splits the body and organs into right and left parts

transverse plane

splits the body into superior and inferior parts

superior

above

inferior

below

medial

towards the midline

lateral

away from the midline

intermediate

between medial and lateral

proximal

closer to the reference point

distal

away from a reference point

superficial

towards the surface

deep

away from the surface

anterior/ventral

towards the front

posterior/dorsal

towards the back

ipsilateral

on the same side

contralateral

on the opposite side

cranial

skull area

facial

face

cephalic

head area

frontal (region)

forehead

orbital

eye

nasal

nose

buccal

cheek

oral

mouth

mental

chin

cervical

neck area

deltoid

shoulder area

pectoral

chest muscular region

sternal

the sternum

mammary

breast

thoracic

thorax of the chest

axillary

armpit

brachial

arm from shoulder to elbow

antecubital

front of the elbow

abdominal

the abdomen

antebrachial

forearm

carpal

wrist

palmar

palm

digital

fingers

pelvic

pelvis

inguinal

groin

coxal

hip

pubic

anterior region of the pelvis

femoral

thigh

patellar

knee cap

crural

leg from knee to ankle

tarsal

ankle

pes or pedal

foot

occipital

back of the head

otic

ear

scapular

scapula (shoulder blade)

vertebral

vertebral column (upper back)

lumbar

lower back

olecranon

elbow

gluteal

butt cheeks

manual

hand

perineum

region between anus and genitals

popliteal

back of the knee

sural

calf

calcaneal

Heel

epigastric region

top middle, contains liver stomach and pancreas

umbilical region

center, contains parts of the colon and the small intestine

hypogastric region

bottom center, contains the urinary bladder, sigmoid colon, and parts of the small intestine

right hypochondriac region

right of the epigastric region, contains gallbladder, and parts of the liver and kidney

left hypochondriac region

left of the epigastric region, contains spleen and parts of the kidney, and stomach

right lumbar region

right of the umbilical region, contains parts of the large and small intestine and the kidney

left lumbar region

left of the umbilical region, contains parts of the large and small intestine and the kidney

right iliac region

right of the hypogastric region, contains the cecum and the appendix

left iliac region

left of the hypogastric region, contains part of the large and small intestine

prone position

laying on the stomach facing down

supine position

laying on the back facing up

3 cavities of the body

cranial vertebral, thoracic, and abdominopelvic

visceral membrane

membrane layer in contact with the organ

parietal membrane

membrane layer enclosing serous fluid

pericardium membrane

membrane surrounding the heart

pleura membrane

membrane surrounding the lungs

peritoneal membrane

membrane surrounding abdominopelvic organs

fissure

crack or cleft

foramen

round hole in the skull

meatus

natural tube or opening in bone

sulcus

shallow groove in the cerebral cortex

gyrus

raised ridge or fold in the cerebral cortex

fundus

dome shaped end of a hollow organ

isthmus

small passageway between two cavities in an organ

ampulla

pouch like expansion in a duct

hilum

root point where blood vessels, nerves, and ducts enter or exit an organ

facet

smooth or curved surface on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone

fossa

shallow depression or ditch on the surface of a bone structure

epicondyle

raised bump or projection that sits above a joint condyle

condyle

smooth bump that forms a joint with another bone

process

an outgrowth of a tissue from a larger body

tuberosity

large bony structure serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles

histology

the study of the microscopic structure of tissues

scanning electron microscope

directs electrons across the surface of a sample, creates a 3D image

transmission electron microscope

directs an electron beam through a thin section of a sample to create a 2D image

tight junctions

seals space between cells to prevent leaks, occludins and claudin

desmosomes

anchors cells with transmembrane proteins

adherens junctions

anchors cells with intermediate filaments, cadherin adhesion receptors

gap junctions

forms channels between the cytoplasm of two cells, connexin

squamous epithelia

flat plate like cells