Unit 1 Module 1 AP Biology

Organic Molecule

A molecule made of carbon

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an element

Atomic Mass

The total mass of the atom; is the total number of protons and electrons in an atom

Isotopes

Atoms of the same element with a different number of protons

Ion

An electrically charged atom

Energy Level/Electron Shell

An area around the nucleus where the electrons circle around

Covalent Bond

A chemical bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons

Single Bond

A covalent bond where two atoms share two electrons

Double Bond

A covalent bond where two atoms share four electrons (two pairs)

Electronegativity

Difference in the ability of atoms to attract electrons

Polar Covalent Bond

A covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally between atoms, causing negative and positive poles

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

A covalent bond where electrons are shared equally between atoms

Ionic Bond

A chemical bond between ions, one ion takes an electron from the other, causing opposite electrical charges

Polymers

A large molecule composed of many smaller subunits

Monomers

A single molecule that can chemically bond with similar molecules in a polymer

Proteins

An organic molecule that provides structural support for cells and can speed up chemical reactions

Amino Acids

Subunit of proteins

Nucleic Acids

An organic molecule that encodes and transmits genetic information

Nucleotide

Subunit of nucleic acids

Carbohydrate

An organic molecule which act as sugars and store energy

Hydrophobic

Fears water, describes nonpolar molecules that don't dissolve well in water

Hydrophilic

Loves water, describes polar molecules that dissolve well in water

Lipid

An organic molecule that makes up the barrier between a cell and the outside enviroment, stores energy, act as signaling molecules, and is hydrophobic