zoology lab exam1

primitive characteristic

plesiomorpihc

derived characteristic

apomorphic

example of mammal primitive characteristic

four legs

example of mammal derived characteristic

hair

monophyletic group

most recent common ancestor and everything after

paraphyletic group

missing one of the descendants

hemichordates soft or non soft bodied

soft

hemichordate body segments

head collar trunk

hemichordates post anal tail or no

no

chordates 3 main branches

urochordata, cephalochordata, vertebrata

other name for urochordata

tunicate

other name for cephalochordata

amphioxus

salps are what

urochordates

urochordata characteristics present only in

free swimming larvae

urochordata are sessile as adults except for

salps

do urochordates retain pharyngeal slits

yes

tunicate larva eye spot (ocellus) does what

light detection, pigment containing cells

amphioxus other name

lancelet

cephalochordates have \___ like body

fish

cehalochordates are \__ swimmers

weak

cephalachordates spend most of their time in

filter feeding position

cephalochordates have \___ gill slits

\> 7

cephalochordates gill slits is \__ characteristic

primitive

vertebrae surround the

nerve chord

lamprey larvae is called

ammocete

hyperoartia (cephalaspidomorphi) or lamprey habitat

marine and freshwater in temperate regions

agnatha suck things into

oral cavity

agnatha mouth

suctorial mouth with teeth

agnatha have gills or gill apertures

gill apertures

agnatha gill apertures are like

spherical openings

agnatha have _ on head

lateral line system

lateral line system is in

all fish

lateral line system detects

pressure

agnatha have a \__ chambered heart

2

hyperoartia (cephalaspidomorphi) or lamprey is what in its larval form

ammocoete

hyperoartia (cephalaspidomorphi) or lamprey have _ gill apertures

\>7

hyperoartia (cephalaspidomorphi) or lamprey having \>7 gill slits makes it

pleisimorphic

hyperoartia (cephalaspidomorphi) or lamprey retain or dont retain notochord for life

retain

hyperoartia (cephalaspidomorphi) or lamprey has a \__ life cycle

anadromous

anadromous life cycle mean

migrate upriver from the ocean to spawn

example of anadromous life cycle

salmon lifelong migration

hyperoartia (cephalaspidomorphi) or lamprey larval stage short or long

long

hyperoartia (cephalaspidomorphi) or lamprey most are or are not parasitic

are, but not all

spawning

external fertilization

spawning can be done in

water

hyperoartia (cephalaspidomorphi) or lamprey after mating / reproducing, they

die

hyperoartia (cephalaspidomorphi) or lamprey that are parasitic feed how?

create a hole in other animal with its rough tongue, anticoagulant in saliva keeps the wound open for hours or weeks, then the fish dies

lamprey have \__ teeth

keratinized

most primitive living vertebrate

hagfish

hagfish have \__ gill slits

\>7

hagfish do or dont have a larval form

dont

hagfish are \__ marine scavengers

benthic (bottom)

hagfish can grow up to _ feet in length

2

hagfish class

myxini

hagfish produce \__ as a defense mechanism

slime

hagfish barbels are

sensory antannae

hagfish mouth is similar to

lamprey

gnathostomata

infra-phylum

holocephali and elasmobranchs do or don't have swim bladder

dont

holocephali and elasmobranchs have a \___ detection system

pressure

chondrichthyes have a _ chambered heart

2

role of celia

feel changes of pressure in current of water, more pressure as you go deeper

elasmobranchii have \__ fertilization

internal

elasmobranchii have _ claspers

2

3 types of elasmobranchii reproduction system

oviparous, ovoviviparous, viviparous

skates have \__ reproduction

oviparous

rays have _ reproduction

ovoviviparous

most sharks have _ reproduction

ovoviparous

chimeras have _ reproduction

oviparous

elasmobranchii , yolk does what

nutrition from mother to baby

eggs hatch in oviduct in _ fertilization

oviviparous

holocephali example

chimera (rat fish)

holocephali have _ scales

placoid

holocephali teeth are what

modified to plates for crushing

holocephali have or dont have operculum

have

holocephali are \___ dwelling

deep

holocephalin means

whole head

holocephali have _ gills

1

holocephali \__ covers the gills

operculum

elasmobranchii ampullae of lorenzini are where

concentrated around the nose to detect electrical fields, but exist all over the body

elasmobranchii spiral valve are where

main portion of intestine

elasmobranchii or holocephalli have a hetercercal tail

elasmobranchii

elasmobranchii or holocephalli have endolymphatic pores

elasmobranchii

endolymphatic pores of elasmobranchii connect with

inner ear

elasmobranchii or holocephalli have liver with buoyancy control

elasmobranchii

elasmobranchii or holocephalli have tribe lobed, oily liver

elasmobranchii

elasmobranchii rectal gland, is top or bottom longer

top

elasmobranchii rectal gland is for

salt excretion- osmoregulation

elasmobranchii spiracle is a

modified 1st gill

elasmobranchii do or dont have external ear

dont

elasmobranchii endolymphatic organ is for

pressure detection

elasmobranchii skates and rays have \___ flattened bodies

dorso-ventrally

elasmobranchii skate identifying characteristics

elaborate tail with larger fins compared to ray

\___ have a reduced tail compared to \__ (elasmobranchii)

skates and rays, sharks

skates are \___ (reproduction)

oviparous

rays are \__ (reproduction)

oviviparous

caudal

tail end

cranial

head end

\

heterocercal

\

diphycercal