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Allied Powers

The countries Great Britain, France, and Russia; later in the war the US and Italy.

Central Powers

The countries Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire of Turkey, and also Italy during the beginning of the war.

Lusitania

A British passenger liner, most passengers drowned including 128 Americans.

Jeanette Rankin

A leader of the peace-minded Progressives, she was the first woman to be elected into Congress.

Zimmermann Telegram

In a secret offer Germany made to Mexico that was intercepted by British intelligence, Zimmerman proposed that Mexico ally itself with Germany in return for helping Mexico regain control of its lost territories.

American Expeditionary Force

Commanded by General Pershing. The first U.S. troops to see action were used to plug weaknesses in the French and British lines.

Fourteen Points

President's related to specific territorial questions. Wilson called on Germany to return the regions of Alsace and Lorraine to France and to evacuate Belgium in the west and Romania and Serbia in the east.

League of Nations

Wilson created this group of international peacekeeping organizations, the League called on each member nation to stand ready to protect the independence and territorial integrity of other nations.

Food Administration

It encouraged American households to eat less meat and bread so that more food could be shipped abroad to the French and British troops.

National War Labor Board

Former President William Howard Taft helped arbitrate disputes between workers and employers as the head of this board.

Espionage Act

Provided imprisonment of up to 20 years for persons who tried to incite rebellion in the armed forces or obstruct the draft.
The
Sedition Act

Selective Service Act

2.8 million men were eventually called by lottery, in addition to the almost 2 million who volunteered to serve. About half of all those in uniform made it to the Western Front.

“Open Shop”

Keeping jobs open to nonunion workers led to a 20% decline in union memberships.

Welfare Capitalism

Companies practiced this by voluntarily offering their employees improved benefits and higher wages to reduce their interest in organizing unions.

John L. Lewis

He was a miner known for creating the United Mine Workers. He helped found the CIO and was responsible for the Fair Labor Standards Act.

Clarence Darrow

Famous lawyer from Chicago who defended John Scopes.

William Jennings Bryan

Represented the fundamentalist, who testified as an expert on the Bible.

Volstead Act

Bill passed by Congress to enforce the language of the 18th Amendment. This bill made the manufacture and distribution of alcohol illegal within the borders of the United States.

Eighteenth Amendment

Strictly prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.

Twenty-First Amendment

Repealed the 18th amendment, millions celebrated the ratification of the 21st amendment as prohibition was over.

United Negro Improvement Association

Was brought to Harlem from Jamaica by a charismatic immigrant, Marcus Garvey. It advocated individual and racial pride for African Americans and developed political ideas of Black nationalism.

Woodrow Wilson

President of the United States during World War I, created the Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage, Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification).

Warren Harding

Was a newspaper publisher in Ohio before entering politics. He knew his flaws and appointed men who could help him in the cabinet.

Calvin Coolidge

Harding's vice president and successor, had brought down the Boston police strike. Nickname 'Silent Cal.' Believed in a limited government, vetoed acts and vetoed the McNary-Haugen Bill.

Herbert Hoover

Republicans' next presidential election candidate, served in administrative roles under 3 presidents.

Alfred E. Smith

Democratic next presidential election candidate, as a Roman Catholic and an opponent of prohibition, Smith appealed to many immigrant voters in the cities.

Know two causes and two effects of U.S. involvement in WWI

The sinking of American ships by German U-boats and Germany's attempts to lead Mexico to join the war against the U.S.

Know two effects of WWI mobilization on international and internal migration over time

A significant decrease in international immigration due to restrictive quotas implemented against certain ethnic groups, particularly from Eastern and Southern Europe, and the Great Migration.

What are two effects of the innovations in communications and technology during the
1920s

The widespread development of a national mass culture due to radio and movies, and a growing consumer culture as new technologies became more accessible.

What are two developments in popular culture in America during the 1920s

Two major developments in American popular culture during the 1920s were the widespread popularity of jazz music and the rise of radio broadcasting, which brought mass entertainment to people's homes.