Primates 11 12

Primates

Opposable thumbs, frontally directed eyes

Binocular Vision

Large and convoluted brains

Complex social behavior

Suborder Prosimil

Known as Prosimians.

Polyphyletic w tarsiers being in a separate group

Skull has large orbits, reduced brain case, elongated snout and well developed auditory regions

Suborder Strepsirrhini

non-tarsier prosimians

Suborder haplorhini

suborder that includes tarsiers and anthropoids

Suborder prosimii

suborder that includes Philippine tarsier

Suborder anthropoidea

suborder that includes monkeys, apes, and humans

Parvorder platyrrhini

new world monkeys

parvorder catarrhini

old world monkeys and apes

Apes

primates that lack tails and have forelimbs longer than their hind limbs

hylobatidae

lesser apes

hominidae

greater apes

Brachiation

arm swinging for apes only. not monkeys

Paleoanthropology

study of human origins

Missing Link Fallacy

between modernapes and modern humans, there existed a direct intermidiate ape, a blend of ape and human traits

Fossils from ____________________ found as earliest evidnce for walking on two legs dated about 6 mya

turgen hills in kenya

orrorin

earliest evidence for walking on two legs

Ardipithecus

earliest true hominid. middle awash valley site, ethiopia

ardipithecus ramidus (ardi)

one of the oldest known hominids found ehtiorpia

ardipithecus kadabba

probable chronospecies or ancestor of azramidus

A. Gibbons

discoverer of ardipithecus kadabba

Sahelanthropus tchadensis

CHAD (central africa)

australopethicus anamensis

hard to chew food diet

Lucy

Australopithecine afarensis

Australopithecus sediba

Karabo from southern africa

paranthropus boise

Nutcracker Man
east africa

Hominid

S shaped spine

knock kneed walk

Mary Leakey

the girl who found 3.6 million year old tracks left by australopithecines.

homo habilis

earliest fossils placed in our genus homo

Homo ergaster

their fossils were formerly assigned to homo erectus

homo erectus

first hominin to leave africa

homo rudolfensis

KNM-ER 1470 by Richard Leakey’s team in 1972

Homo heidelbergensis

Common ancestor of both Homo sapiens and Homo neainderthalensis

homo floresiensis

Flores man or Hobbits with tiny brains and small stature

Homo luzonesis

Discovered by Armand Mijares and team of UP Diliman

Multiregional hypothesis

Gene flow between populations prevented speciation

Multiregional hypothesis

Emphasizes regional continuity

Recent single origin hypothesis

Recent out of africa model

abstract thinking

through imagined concepts or myths, increased cooperation is possible

planning

taking steps to achieve a farther goal

innovation

finding alternative solutions

symbolic behavior

making use of images and rituals

reciprocal altruism

concept by trivers. Benefits over cost.

friendship

emotional bonds established among individuals who behave altruistically towards one another

Moral indignation and resentment

feeling of injustice and hostility toward cheaters

gratitude

emotional response of recipients for altruistic acts

sympathy, kindness, ang generosity

emotional motivations that help individuals perform altruistic acts

guilt and repentance

Emotions engendered as a result of active cheating