Unit 5 Box Notes: 30-44

Napoleonic Wars

Napoleonic Wars

Colonists of Latin America had governed themselves

The Haitian Revolution

Inspired other revolutions in the new world and convinced Napoleon that maintaining colonies in the new world was too difficult

The Monroe Doctrine

announced to the rest of the world that the US had a special interest in the Western Hemisphere

Military Dictators

,and unstable governments flourished (The Context of Latin America in the Nineteenth Century)

Monoculture

Most countries specialized in single cash crops for export, also known as

Caudillos

Mexico and other countries came under the rule of powerful military leaders or political bosses, known as _________

• came to power by force and maintained their power by exploiting divisions between the conservative landowners who feared change.

Blood and Iron

Policy established by Prime Minister Otto Von Bismarck

Kaiser

Prussian King the ______ (emperor) of all Germany

Czars

Russian _____ attempted to resist the calls for reform from the emerging middle class

Serfs

Most Russians were illiterate _____ bound to feudal masters

Nationalism

Had an effect on Russia’s conservative rulers

Russification

Czars adopted _____________ forcing non Russians in the empire (Poles, Finns) to adopt the Russian language and culture

Pogroms

Attacks on Jewish areas caused many Jews to emigrate

The Sick Man of Europe

The forces of nationalism accelerated the decline of the Ottoman Empire

Congress of Berlin

European powers met in 1878 at the _______________________ to resolve the problem without war

Ausgleich

In the __________ (compromise) of 1867, the Hungarian minority, Austria’s largest, won equal status and the country was renamed the Austro-Hungarian Empire

Saint Dominigue

The Island Haiti (known as _______________) had been colonized by the Spanish and French- each ruling half the island

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Wanted Haiti to become a country of free self governing blacks, despite the fact that Napoleon would fight to keep it

Jose de San Martin

Worked to liberate Argentina and Chile from Spanish rule in the years 1816 - 1818

Simon Bolivar

Defeated Spanish forces between 1818 and 1825, liberating Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia

James Monroe

President _____________ declared that the US would oppose any attempt by European powers to establish colonies in the Western Hemisphere or to reconquer former colonies

Miguel Hidalgo

Called for independence from Spain (the unfurling of the flag of the Virgin of Guadalupe) but was shortly killed

Virgin of Guadalupe

Miguel Hidalgo called for independence from Spain (the unfurling of the flag of the ___________________)

Jose Maria Morelos

The fight was carried on by __________________ - he called for equal rights for Indians, mestizos, and slaves.

Agustin Iturbide

Mexico's revolt was completed by the elite, not the lower classes and a conservative colonel, _____________ overthrew Spanish rule in 1821

Benito Juarez

The liberal upper class wanted to reform their societies to be more like the US

Giuseppe Mazzini

An Italian nationalist who called for unification

Camillo di Cavour

In 1852 ________________ became Prime Minister of Piedmont (a northern Italian Kingdom)

• Defeated the Austrians and drove them out of N. Italy

• He annexed the states of Northern and Central Italy to Piedmont

Giuseppe Garibaldi

An Italian nationalist in the South

• Overthrew King of Naples and joined it to Cavour’s Piedmont

Otto von Bismarck

Prime Minister _________________

• Policy of "Blood and Iron"

• Combined diplomacy and military power to achieve unification

• Made use of new technology- railroad and rifle

• Built most powerful army in Europe

• Fought wars against Denmark, Austria, and France

Alexander II

Following a series of wars against the Ottoman Empire , Czar ______________ ordered the serfs freed in 1861