LET Reviewer - Social Science Major (World History, Philippine History, & Social Sciences)

Flashcards covering core terminology, legal statutes, sociological concepts, historical figures, and economic principles for the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) - Social Science Major.

Hammurabi

The greatest Babylonian ruler who was famous for his written code of laws.

Homo Sapiens

The biological species and human family to which all modern human beings belong.

Cradle of Mankind

A designation given to Asia because almost all human races are found on the continent.

Responsible Parenthood

A government program intended to address overpopulation and poverty in Asian societies.

Religiosity

An Asian cultural trait prioritizing inner or spiritual purity over materialistic interests.

Spheres of Influence

A territory whose rights and resources are exploited by a foreign nation.

Pre-Historic Period

The era in human history prior to the creation of written records.

Mesopotamia

The historical region in modern-day Iraq whose name literally translates to 'Land Between Two Rivers'.

Crusades

A series of religious wars undertaken by European rulers to recover the Holy Land from Muslim rule.

Caste System

The traditional division of Indian society into hereditary social classes.

Solon

The Athenian statesman who guided ancient Athens toward the development of democratic governance.

Dark Ages

A period in Western European history characterized by social instability and chaos.

Tabula Rasa

John Locke's concept describing the child's mind at birth as a blank tablet shaped entirely by experience.

La Solidaridad

The newspaper founded and edited by Graciano Lopez Jaena that served as the mouthpiece of Filipino reformists in Spain.

Great Triumvirate

The key trio of leaders in the Propaganda Movement, consisting of Jose Rizal, Graciano Lopez-Jaena, and Marcelo H. Del Pilar.

Treaty of Paris (1898)

The formal agreement between Spain and the United States that transferred sovereignty over the Philippines to the US for $20 million.

Thomasites

A group of trained American teachers sent to establish public education across Philippine provinces.

Domino Theory

The geopolitical theory asserting that if one country fell to communism, neighboring nations would inevitably fall as well.

Curriculum

The sum of all learning content, experiences, and resources organized and implemented by a school.

Right Against Double Jeopardy

A constitutional right preventing a person from being prosecuted again for the same offense after acquittal, conviction, or improper termination.

Writ of Amparo

A legal remedy available to victims of extrajudicial killings and enforced disappearances whose right to life, liberty, or security is threatened.

Sandiganbayan

The special Philippine court with jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases involving graft and corrupt practices committed by public officers.

Initiative

The legal process enabling registered voters of a local government unit to directly propose, enact, or amend laws or ordinances.

Diego de los Rios

The last Spanish Governor-General in the Philippines.

RA 1425

The law requiring compulsory education on the Rizal Course and the lives of Filipino patriots.

RA 7796

The law that established the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).

RA 8049

The Republic Act regulating and prohibiting hazing and harmful initiation rites in organizations.

To the Filipino Youth

Jose Rizal's prize-winning poem written as a UST student asserting that Filipino youth were equal or superior to Spaniards in poetry.

Harana

A traditional courtship song in the Mexican-Spanish tradition based on the habanera rhythm.

Acculturation

The process of cultural change resulting from continuous direct contact between distinct cultural groups while retaining distinct identities.

Inflation

An economic condition characterized by a sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services.

Just Compensation

The full and fair equivalent value paid to an owner for private property taken for public use through expropriation.

Enculturation

The process through which an individual learns the values, requirements, and behaviors of their surrounding culture.

Gemeinschaft

A social structure characterized by shared experiences, mutual responsibilities, and close personal community bonds.

Gesellschaft

A social structure characterized by impersonal relationships, formal contracts, and economic exchanges of goods, money, and services.

Herbert Spencer

The English philosopher who coined the term 'survival of the fittest'.

Tydings-McDuffie Law

The legislation that provided for a ten-year transition period leading to full Philippine independence.

GATT

A multilateral treaty regulating international trade by reducing tariffs and trade barriers.

Ural Mountains

The mountain range that marks the geographical boundary between Asia and Europe.

Firm

In microeconomic theory, any economic organization that converts inputs into outputs.

Law of Demand

An economic principle stating that as the price of a good increases, consumer demand decreases, holding other factors constant.

Bicameralism

A legislative system split into two separate governing bodies, such as a Senate and a House of Representatives.

Federalism

A political structure where partially self-governing states or regions are bound together by a central government.

Inclusive Education

A flexible, individualized educational framework designed to support students with special education needs.

Writ of Habeas Data

A judicial remedy guaranteeing the right to information privacy.

Salvaging

An extrajudicial killing or summary execution that deprives a person of life without due process.

Writ of Habeas Corpus

A constitutional protection allowing a person to question the legality of their arrest and detention in court.

State of the Nation Address (SONA)

An annual address delivered by the President of the Philippines to report on the state of the country and policy priorities.

Xenocentrism

The belief that foreign cultures, products, or ideas are superior to local ones.

Cultural Relativism

The concept that no universal standard exists to evaluate cultures, and that practices must be judged relative to their context.

Ningas Cogon

A detrimental cultural trait characterized by starting projects with great enthusiasm that quickly dies out.

Apolinario Mabini

Known as the 'Sublime Paralytic', he contributed significantly to the Philippine revolution through intellectual resilience despite physical disability.

Affected Ignorance

A form of ignorance deliberately maintained to avoid discovering uncomfortable truths or taking responsibility.