Statistics: One Sample T-Test and t-Distribution

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to One Sample t-Tests and t-Distribution, focusing on hypothesis testing.

1-Sample t-Test

A statistical test used to determine if the mean of a sample is significantly different from a known or hypothesized population mean.

t-statistic

A ratio used in hypothesis testing to determine the relationship between the sample mean and the population mean, accounting for sample size and variance.

Degrees of Freedom (df)

The number of independent pieces of information remaining after estimating one or more parameters; for a one-sample test, df = n - 1.

Critical Value

The threshold value that a test statistic must exceed to reject the null hypothesis, determined by the degrees of freedom and the significance level.

Confidence Interval (CI)

A range of values derived from sample statistics that is likely to contain the population parameter with a specified level of confidence.

Alpha Level (α)

The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true; commonly set at 0.05 or 0.01 in hypothesis testing.

Null Hypothesis (H0)

The hypothesis stating that there is no effect or difference; it is the hypothesis being tested in a t-test.

Point Estimate

A single value derived from the sample data that serves as an estimate of a population parameter.

Interval Estimate

A range of values that provides an estimate of a population parameter, allowing for uncertainty.

Effect Size (d)

A measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables or the magnitude of the difference between groups, used in power analysis.