Chemistry Flashcards

Flashcards for Chemistry Unit One Notes

Atomic Number

Number of protons and number of electrons in an atom

Atomic Mass

Number of protons + number of neutrons

Ions

Charged atoms due to loss/gain of electrons

Cations

Positive ions formed when atoms lose electrons (typically metals)

Anions

Negative ions formed when atoms gain electrons (typically non-metals)

Ionic Bonds

Form when electrons are transferred between atoms, creating oppositely charged ions

Crystal

A solid with ions arranged in a regular pattern

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost energy level, involved in bonding

Ionic Compound

Ions made of oppositely charged ions, between metals and non-metals, with high melting/boiling points

First part of naming binary ionic compounds

Positive ion (metal)

Second part of naming binary ionic compounds

Negative ion (non-metal) with suffix -ide

Multivalent Metals

Transition metals with more than one charge, indicated using Roman numerals

Polyatomic Ions

Groups of atoms with an overall ionic charge

Molecule

Neutral particle made of two or more atoms joined by covalent bonds

Molecular Compound

Compound formed when atoms share electrons

Prefix (naming molecular compounds)

Prefixes used to show the number of each element in the compound

Chemical change

Chemical reactions where atoms are conserved but rearranged, and mass stays the same

Law of Conservation of Mass

In a chemical reaction, the total mass of the products equals the total mass of the reactants

Formation of precipitate

Creation of an insoluble solid

Combustion

Reaction with oxygen to produce oxides, releasing heat and light

Synthesis

Smaller molecules combine into larger molecules/compounds

Decomposition

Splitting large molecules into elements or smaller molecules

Single Displacement

Element and a compound; the more reactive element replaces the other in the compound

Reactivity Series

Lists metals from most reactive to least reactive

Double Displacement

Elements in different compounds exchange places