BIO-105 Unit 4: Anatomy final exam review

We missed the first page of questions Also, red questions are the ones I got wrong on the test (the answers are still correct, it's just for me to know)

6. Primary oocytes are arrested in __________ __

6. Primary oocytes are arrested in __________ __

Prophase I

7. Ovulation occurs when an oocyte is released from a ruptured ___________ follicle

Mature

8. t/f Primary follicles form before birth

False

9. A secondary oocyte arrests in ___________ __

Metaphase II

10. The correct order of the ovarian cycle

1. Follicular

2. Ovulation

3. Luteal

11. Ovulation typically occurs on day 14 of the ovarian cycle, and the luteal phase occurs on days

15-28

12. What are fimbriae?

enclose the ovary at time of ovulation

13. What is the normal site of fertilization?

Uterine part of the uterine tube

14. What is the portion of the uterine wall that includes the basal layer?

Endometrium

15. The myometrium is composed of ______ muscle

smooth

16. Menarche is

A female’s first menstrual cycle

17. What layer of the uterine wall is sloughed off during menstruation?

Functional layer of the endometrium

18. The secretory phase of the uterine cycle coincides with the _____ phase of the ovarian cycle

Luteal

19. What is the correct order for the uterine cycle phases?

1. Menstrual

2. Proliferative

3. Secretory

20. What is/isn’t part of the vulva?

Is: Mons pubis, clitoris, labia majora, labia minora

Isn’t: Vagina

21. What are the functions of the dartos and cremaster muscles?

Regulate the temperatures of the testes

22. Sperm are produced in the

Seminiferous tubules

23. When does spermatogenesis begin and end?

Begins at birth in a man, and continues throughout a mans life

24. What part of a spermatozoon contains the nuclear material?

Head

25. The acrosome cap contains

Enzymes to allow penetration into the oocyte

26. Males produce more/less gametes that are larger/smaller in size

More that are larger

27. Where are spermatozoa stored until they are fully matured?

Epididymis

28. What is the order in which sperm passes through the structures of the male reproductive tract from the tested to the penis?

Epididymis → Ductus deferens → Ampulla → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra

29. Which male accessory gland encircles the urethra?

Prostate gland

30. What are the components of seminal fluid?

Prostaglandin, citric acid, mucous, seminal plasmin

31. t/f the corpora cavernosa extends within the glans of the penis

False

32. The external orifice is found at the _______ of the penis

Glans

33. An erection in the penis is caused by

Blood filling the erectile bodies and compressing the veins

34. The changes that occur in a woman’s body at menopause are due to

Reduced levels of estrogen and progesterone

35. When a woman in her fifth decode of life is not pregnant, and has stopped having menstrual cycles for ________, she is said to be in menopause

1 year

36. During menopause, the vaginal wall becomes _______

Thinner

37. What are considered to be a change associated with aging males?

Erectile dysfunction, impotence, decreased testosterone levels, prostate enlargement

38. The external genitalia do not become clearly differentiated until about week ______ of development

20

39. t/f The testes are the male gametes

false (sperm is)

40. t/f Production of new primary oocytes by mitosis continues throughout a woman’s life

False

41. t/f Movement of the oocyte along the uterine tube is due to peristalsis and ciliary action

True

42. t/f sperm begin to exhibit motility once they exit the seminiferous tubes

False

43. The 3rd through 8th weeks of development are known as the ________ period

Embryonic

44. The pre-embryonic period ends when

The blastocyst implants in the uterus

45. Which gamete remains viable for a longer time after it enters the female reproductive tract?

Sperm

46. After ovulation, the oocyte

releases chemotaxic signals to attract sperm to its location

47. Cleavage involves a series of meiotic/mitotic divisions and an increase/a decrease/no change in the overall size of the conceptis

Mitotic/no change

48. At the 16 cell stage, the conceptus is known as a(n)

Morula

49. The process by which a blastocyst embeds within the uterine endometrium is known as

implantation

50. Implantation usually begins at about the end of the first _____ of development

week

51. t/f presence of hCG in a woman’s urine indicates that she is pregnant

True

52. Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulates the degeneration of the corpus luteum

False

53. The outermost extraembryonic membrane that eventually helps form the placenta is the

Chorion

54. The maternal portion of the placenta arises from the

Functional layer of the uterus

55. The fingerlike structures of the placenta that form from its fetal portion are known as

Chorionic villi

56. Gastrulation results in the formation of a(n)

Embryo

57. When is the conceptus most vulnerable to birth defects from drugs?

4-8 weeks of development

58. Teratogens are most damaging to organ systems if exposure to them occurs

When the organ systems are undergoing peak development in the embryo

59. What is the approximate duration of the fetal period of development?

29 weeks

60. Increases in weight of the conceptus are largest during the ______ two months of pregnancy

Last

61. t/f the process of organogenesis begins in the fetal period

False

62. The trimester in which an embryo becomes a feus is the

First trimester

63. Changes in the size of the uterus during pregnancy are due to ____________ and ___________

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia

64. The uterine enlargement that occurs during the first 10 weeks of pregnancy is mostly due to

Amniotic fluid production as well as growth of the uterine muscle and the placenta

65. By the 4th month of pregnancy, the fundus of the uterus is located inches below the ________ and by the 9th month it is located at the level of the _________

Umbilicus; xiphoid process

66. During pregnancy, a woman’s areolae and nipples become darker under the influence of

vasopressin from the posterior pituitary gland

67. Morning sickness is most commonly experienced in the ________ trimester

First

68. Edema and varicose veins in the lower extremities sometimes develop in the third trimester due to

Compression of abdominal blood vessels

69. The trimester that results in frequent urination the least, is the

Second trimester

70. t/f pregnancy increases a woman’s risk of urinary tract infection

True

71. Braxton-Hicks contractions tend to be

Irregularly spaced and do not become more frequent as time passes

72. Braxton-Hicks contractions are those that occur during

False labor

73. t/f true labor contractions increase in frequency over time, and pain from such contractions does not change in response to movement

True

74. Which stage would you expect to take the longest time? The _________ stage of a _________ woman

The dilation stage of a nulliparous woman

75. What is expelled during the expulsion stage of labor?

The fetus