Bio Unit 1 Test - Lessons 1-9 Characteristics of living things - Dichotomous Key

Domains - Eukarya

protists, fungi, plants, animals

Importance of Taxonomy

Improves the ability to explain relationships between things and allows us to group new discoveries with old ones that have similar traits

Characteristics of Living Things: M

Movement: Ability of organisms to move (uses energy)

Characteristics of Living Things: R

Respiration: Set of chemical reactions which break down nutrient molecules to release energy for metabolism (breathing) - virus does not do this

Characteristics of Living Things: R2

Reproduction: Process that makes more of the same kind of organism (Through sexual or asexual reproduiction)

Characteristics of Living Things: E

Excretion: Removal of waste products of metabolism and excess substances

Species Diversity

The variety and abundance of species in a given area.

Genetic Diversity

The variety of inherited traits within a species. Traits are controlled by genes (ex. eye colour, hair colour etc.)

Prokaryotes

DO NOT have membrane bound nucleus or organelles. (DNA- nucleoid) Smaller than eukaryotes

Organism

Single being or individual made up of many parts. If it has many parts, it cannot survive without one of these parts.

Autotrophs

Use inorganic carbon - produce own food
produce own food from inorganic raw materials
primary producers
Plants, algae

Heterotrophs

Use organic carbon - cannot produce own food
Extract organic nutrients from outside source
Secondary or tertiary consumers
some plants, fungi, bacteria

Domains - Bacteria

Bacteria

Taxonomy

An ordered division of organisms into categories based on a set of characteristics used to asses similarities and differences

Taxon

any group of organisms that are treated as a unit in a classification system

Binomial Nomenclature

Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name First part is the Genus, Second part is the species. Ex. Homo Sapien(same genus is very closely related species)

What is the linnean system?

uses physical characteristics to identify and classify species into groups

genus

a group of closely related species

Dichotomous Key

a key for the identification of organisms based on a series of choices between alternative characters. Offers choices in pairs

Characteristics of Living Things: S

Sensitivity: Ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal and external environment

Characteristics of Living Things: G

Growth: The ability of an organism to grow and get larger (permanent increase in size and mass) - virus cannot do this

Metabolism

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism
Obtaining and converting energy from an external source into a from that works within the cell (ATP)

Characteristics of Living Things: N

Nutrition: Taking in of materials for energy, growth, and development

Anabolic Reaction

any reaction that builds molecules

Catabolic Reaction

dismantled (taken apart) Any reaction that breaks down molecules

Biodiversity

The variety and abundance of organisms, genes and ecosystems found in a specific area

Ecosystem Diversity

The variety of ecosystems in the biosphere. (ex. Rain forest, coniferous forest, mountain, desert etc.)

Why do organisms interact with one another?

Organisms interact with one another and depend on each other for survival. Many organisms feed on other organisms such as the food chain. Primary, secondary and tertiary consumers are present for survival of the ecosystem

What do all cells have (characteristics of all cells)

cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes

Eukaryotes

Have Membrane bound organelles. Larger and more complex than prokaryotes

What are the two types of Eukaryotic cells

Plant cells and Animal cells

Unicellular

- made up of a single cell
- single cell performs all functions of life
- exposed to environment
- short lifespan (ex. amoeba)
- prokaryotes + eukaryotes

Multicellular

- 2 or more cells
- specialized cells perform specific functions
- only outer cells are exposed to environment
- longer lifespan (ex. cat)
- only eukaryotes

Photoautotrophs

Organisms that use light as a source of energy to synthesize organic substances.

chemoautotrophs

Organisms that use inorganic chemicals as their energy source

Photoheterotrophs

An organism that uses light to generate ATP but that must obtain carbon in organic form.

Chemoheterotrophs

An organism that must consume organic chemicals (other organisms) for both energy and carbon.

Domains - Archaea

Archaea

Species

a group of organisms that can interbreed & produce fertile offspring (most basic level of classification)

hierarchy of binomial nomenclature

Darling King Duncan Come Over For Green Soup
Domains, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species