PBSI 300 Exam 3

Aggression

influenced by both biology and environment

physical - boys higher

relational - girls higher because of popularity

whats the percentage of ever-partnered women through the world that have experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner?

30%

how many girls have been sexually abused during childhood

one in five

the social constructionist perspective on aggression and power

modeling and observing: TV, violent games, parents who spank

rewards/punishments: boys rewarded for being physical; girls are not

communication differences

essential differences (are not changeable)

social constructed (can be changed)

Talkativeness

stereotype: women talk more than men

research: men talk more than women, speak more frequently, and speak for longer

interrupting

affiliative interruption (positive)- to show interest and affirm what the other is saying

• more common in females

intrusive interruption- to usurp the floor and control the conversation

• more common in males

sexual scripts for gay men

-sexually active

-taking sexual risks

-being more comfortable with casual sex

sexual scripts for lesbians

emphasize emotional intimacy and sexual attraction are connected

may follow a friendship skit

marriage

age is increasing (men-30, women-28)

cohabitation: estimated 50% of couples

marital satisfaction→having problem solving coping strategies, similarity in goals, values, and attitudes, good communication

Gottman: Predictors of divorce and separation

1. Criticism

2. Contempt

3. Defensiveness

4. Stonewalling

Child marriage

one in five today

how many american marriages end in divorce today?

40-50%

widowed women

most marriages are ended by death not divorce

widowed men are much more likely to get remarried (8 to 1) than widowed women

Freud

vaginal vs clitoral orgasm

fridgity: failure of women to have vaginal orgasms; problem was diagnosed as failure to adjust to role as a woman

Shere Hite

• focused on understanding how individuals regard sexual experienced

• concluded women were more likely to get orgasms through masturbation

US life expectancy today

Women-79

Men-73

What percent of women over age of 55 will have at least one chronic illness

80%

Bernadine Healy

first women to head NIH

championed for understanding that heart disease is not a mans disease in disguise

cervical cancer

every three years to get checked

ovarian cancer

causes more deaths than any other reproductive system cancer

Johannas law: promotes education of women to increase awareness of ovarian cancer

nutrition

menopausal women- 2/3 calories compared to 20 year old

five good health habits

lived 12 years longer

being active, not smoking, drinking moderately, maintaining normal weight, and sleeping 7-8 hours

stats

¼. of american adults will suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder this year

50% will suffer from a psychological disorder sometime in their life

panic attacks

20—25% of college students

2.5 times more prevalent in women rhan men

2 most important factors for depression

depressed mood nearly every day/despair

diminished interest in activities

gender differences in depression biological

low serotonin

gender differences in depression social

stressful events

ruminative style- turning inward and focusing on symptoms

what percentage of women get pregnant within a year if not on birth control

85%

what percentage of pregnancies worldwide are unplanned

41.9%

myth of old age for a women

empty nest

the double standard of aging

older men are distinguished

older women are ugly and useless

Facts of older age

most midlife women do not experience high levels of depression

marian diamond

rat study

enrichment of the brain changed the anatomy

neuroplasticity- use it or lose it

1. challenges

2. exercise

3. diet

4. love

5. newness