EB Chapter 1 Open Book + Smartwork Assignments

Sustainable development means

A) improving people's lives in the present in a way that can continue far into the future.

B) providing ever-increasing amounts of adequate housing.

C)continued growth indefinitely as long as it can be paid off.

D)utilizing an ever-increasing quantity of natural resources.

A) improving people's lives in the present in a way that can continue far into the future.

The earliest documented recognition that misuse of the natural environment can have nasty consequences was

A) George Perkins Marsh's 1864 publication of Man and Nature.

B) Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, alerting the public to the dangers of pollution in 1962.

C)Roosevelt's warnings about overuse a century ago.

D)Plato's writings 2500 years ago.

A) George Perkins Marsh's 1864 publication of Man and Nature.

Which of the following presently provides 80 percent of the energy used in industrialized countries?

A) fossil fuels

B) wind

C)hydroelectric power

D)solar

A) fossil fuels

The position that nature deserves to be protected in its own right is called

A) biocentric preservation.

B) utilitarian conservation.

C)environmentalism.

D)global environmentalism.

A) biocentric preservation.

A(n) ________ is a tabulation of the demands placed on nature by individuals or nations.

A) ecological footprint

B) quantitative analysis value

C)world biocapacity

D)land area resource ratio

A) ecological footprint

Which of the following terms can be defined as the complex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or community?

Environment

True or false: The amount of CO₂ in the atmosphere has increased significantly in the past 200 years.

True

Islands such as Tobago and Mauritius successfully preserved natural areas in the ______, when scientists pointed out the destruction caused by intensive colonial production of varying commodities such as sugar.

1700s

List the following distinct stages of environmental activism in their order of occurrence starting with the earliest stage at the top.

Moral and aesthetic nature preservation

Global environmental citizenship

A growing concern about health and ecological damage caused by pollution

Pragmatic resource conservation

Pragmatic resource conservation

Moral and aesthetic nature preservation

A growing concern about health and ecological damage caused by pollution

Global environmental citizenship

Gifford Pinchot and Theodore Roosevelt believed in ______, which supported the idea that resources should be protected for use by humanity.

conservation

The term __________ means "to circle or surround" and can be defined as the circumstances or conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms.

environment/environner

John Muir was an outspoken proponent of biocentric preservation, claiming that nature ______.

had a fundamental right to exist

Which atmospheric gas has increased by approximately 50 percent in the past 200 years?

Carbon dioxide

Which of the following is the leading cause of the modern environmental movement?

Rising levels of many types of pollution

People have identified environmental problems and worked to protect nature ______.

as early as thousands of years ago

Dr. Wangari Maathai and Van Jones are both known for promoting ________ justice through environmental quality.

social

Which of the following are the four distinct stages into which conservation history and environmental activism can be divided?

Moral and aesthetic nature preservation

Pragmatic resource conservation

Growing concern about health and ecological damage caused by pollution

Global environmental citizenship

The 2015 lawsuit Juliana v. United States involved 21 young people suing the governing for failing to protect them from the hazards of ______.

greenhouse gas emissions

Aldo Leopold and John Muir were considered ______ because they believed that nature should be protected and that all living things had a fundamental right to exist.

preservationists

What concept refers to "meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs"?

Sustainable development

The idea that nature has a right to exist for its own sake, whether it is useful to humans or not, is ______.

biocentric preservation

Air pollution and ______ emissions have risen dramatically in China over the past 20 years because of their massive consumption of coal for electricity generation.

CO2

Rising levels of pollution were the primary reason behind the rise of the modern ______ movement.

environmental

Growth can occur without increased resources consumption, such as increased commitment to ______.

the arts and entertainment

Match the person to the type of social-justice-through-environmental-quality work they promoted.

Van Jones

Dr. Wangari Maathai

Founded the Green Belt Movement in Kenya

Created green jobs in the United States

Van Jones—Created green jobs in the United States

Dr. Wangari Maathai—Founded the Green Belt Movement in Kenya

The Sustainable Development Goals promoted by the United Nations include which of the following?

Providing safe water and clean energy

Eliminating severe poverty and hunger

Promoting gender and economic equality

Teenager Greta Thunberg is known for drawing attention to the ___________ crisis.

climate

What is the name of the 15-year effort from 2000-2015 by the United Nations that included improving literacy, health, and access to water?

Millenium Development Goals

Which of the following would be considered suitable definitions for sustainable development?

Progress in human well-being that can be extended or prolonged over many generations rather than just a few years

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

The United Nations Development Programme has estimated that it would take about ______ per year to abolish extreme poverty around the world and the worst infectious diseases over the next 20 years.

(U.S.)$135 billion

China has used the fossil fuel ________ as a cheap energy source to support its growth and development in the last 30 years.

coal

Managing common resources, using the particular knowledge of indigenous people, and valuing ecosystem services are some of the core concepts of ______________ development.

sustainable

Growth industries such as the arts, education, and leisure are based primarily on ______ as a resource.

human ingenuity

The North Atlantic cod fisheries, once one of the world's greatest fish populations, was functionally destroyed by a free-for-all of unregulated fishing by fleets of many nations. This is a classic example of ______.

the tragedy of the commons

This graphic represents the 17 _____________ ___________ Goals initiated in 2016 by the United Nations.

Sustainable Development

This image shows calculated planetary boundaries which are environmental ______.

limits beyond which change is irreversible

Eight Millenium Development Goals were promoted from 2000 - 2015 by the ___________ ___________ in order to improve literacy, health, access to clean water, children's welfare, and other goals.

United Nations

Understanding the customs of ______________ people will increase our understanding of ecological processes and biodiversity. Many still live in their traditional homelands and possess important information regarding the surrounding ecosystems.

native/indigenous

According to the Worldwatch Institute, which of the following are expected consequences of inadequate foreign aid?

Persistent problems with terrorism

Persistent problems with war

Global instability

Which of the following are considered to be core concepts in sustainable development?

Ecosystem services is a term for goods, products, and services we rely on.

Shared resources and ecosystem services can be described as commons.

Indigenous peoples hold distinct knowledge about biodiversity.

Ethics can be defined as your sense of ______.

what is right and wrong

The essay entitled "Tragedy of the Commons" argued that population growth ______.

inevitably leads to overuse and then destruction of common resources

Environmental ethics extends _____________ and inherent value to plants, animals, and nonliving items such as water, rocks, and mountains.

moral/morals/morality

Which of these planetary boundaries have we already passed the point or irreversible damage?

Extinction rate

According to the text, many religious leaders are including stewardship in their messages. In so doing, they urge us to take care of ______.

all the resources we have been given

The potential loss of the world's 6,000 distinct languages is of ecological concern because ______.

with the loss of a language comes the loss of valuable ecological wisdom

Civil rights and environmental protection come together in environmental _________, with a goal that everyone has a safe and healthy place to live.

justice

Your sense of right and wrong are your ______.

ethics

Match the following environmental ethics terms with their correct definitions.

Ethics

Moral extensionism

Inherent value

Instrumental value

Widening the circle of value to include the environment

The intrinsic right for nature to exist

Significance relating to usefulness

A sense of right and wrong

Ethics—A sense of right and wrong

Moral extensionism—Widening the circle of value to include the environment

Inherent value—The intrinsic right for nature to exist

Instrumental value—Significance relating to usefulness

The concept of ______ involves taking care of the resources we are given and inspires many religious leaders to promote conservation.

stewardship

Environmental ______ gives equal protection to everyone.

justice