ALL AP HUG KBATS

Unitary State

A state where the majority of power are distributed to the hands of central government officials

Geometric boundary

A line of latitude or longitude used to make a political barrier between 2 states

Devolution

The transfer of power from a central government to a lower level of government (regional or local).

Berlin Conference

A meeting in 1884, with the intention of dividing up the continent of Africa among European imperial powers

Neo Colonialism

When a powerful country gives weaker countries economic pressures that causes the weaker countries to be dependent on the powerful country.

Perforated State

A state that completely surrounds another state.

Colonialism

An attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its wishes in another territory.

Prorupted state

A state that is mostly compact but has an elongated extension.

Geopolitics

The study of the connections between political relationships and the territories in which they occur.

City State

A sovereign city that has a town and a surrounding countryside with the most power in its territory.

Territoriality

Defense of a space against encroachment by other individuals.

Compact state

A state that has the same distance from the center to its borders.

Elongated state

A state with a long, narrow shape

Stateless nation

A large group of people united by history and culture but do not have a common state that they call home

Landlocked state

A state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea

Multinational state

A state that has 2 or more ethnic groups that govern themselves and coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities.

Multiethnic state

A state that contains more than one ethnicity

Microstate

A state that encompasses a very small land area.

Nation state

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a certain ethnicity that is homogenous, and is distinct from its surrounding.

Gerrymandering

The act of redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power.

Anocracy

A country that is not fully democratic or fully autocratic but displays a mix of autocracy and democracy

Autocracy

A country that is run according to the interests of a ruler rather than the people

Federal state

A state that allocates strong power to units of local government within the country.

Physical Boundary

A boundary that is tangible/concrete and is often used as the political barrier between 2 states

Ethnic/Cultural Boundary

A term used to describe the vernacular/non-tangible border between 2 different cultural groups.

Relic Boundary

A boundary that used to have meaning and can still be detected on the landscape.

Superimposed Boundary

Political barriers drawn in an area without regard for cultural divisions for the people living there.

Antecedent Boundary

A boundary between 2 states that is created before the area is populated by humans

Subsequent Boundary

A boundary that is established after the settlement in that area occurred.

Consequent Boundary

A boundary between opposing groups that was made to stop wars/disputes and establish a clear separation between groups.

Frontier Boundary

A zone of territory where no state has governing authority.

Shatter belt

A region that has no local conflicts within states or between countries in the region, but have involvement of opposing great powers from outside the region.

Irredentism

A political movement that intends to reunite a nation or reclaim a lost territory.

Choke point

Geographic locations when the flow of people and goods can be constricted in the event of a conflict.

Redistricting

The redrawing of the boundaries of congressional and state legislative districts that happens every 10 years after the census results.

United Nations on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

Defines the territory, rights and responsibilities of nations on the economic usage of the sea.

Warsaw Pact

An alliance in 1955 between the Soviet Union and several Eastern European Countries.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

An alliance that was made so that any countries in the alliance would defend each other if attacked by another country outside of the treaty.

Balance of Power

A condition when there is equal strength between countries or alliances of countries.

United Nations

An International organization formed in 1945 to increase political and economic cooperation among member countries.

European Union

A union of some European countries to promoted development within member states through economic cooperation.

African Union

An organization of African states established in 2002 to promote political and economic development.

Habit

A repetitive act performed by a particular individual.

Custom

Practices followed by the people of a particular cultural group.

Folk Culture

Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.

Popular Culture

Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.

Culture Hearth

A center where cultures developed and from which ideas and traditions spread outward.

Material Culture

Tangible, physical items produced and used by members of a specific culture group and reflective of their traditions, lifestyles, and technologies.

Taboo

A restriction on behavior imposed by social custom.

Terroir

The contribution of a location's distinctive physical features to the way food tastes.

Assimilation

The social process of replacing one cultural for another, usually from a minority to a majority.

Acculturation

The adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture.

Cultural Diffusion

The spread of cultural elements from one society to another.

Built Environment

The man-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity, ranging in scale from small to big

Cultural Appropriation

The process by which cultures adopt customs and knowledge from other cultures usually minority cultures with disrespect.

Cultural Syncretism

When an aspect of two or more distinct cultures blend together to create a new custom, idea, practice, or philosophy.

Homogeneous population

A population composed of similar people

Heterogeneous population

-A population that consists of people that have many different ethnic, racial, religious, or social backgrounds

True or False, Folk Culture has anonymous hearths?

True

True or False, Popular Culture has its origin unknown?

False

What is Blondie Considered from Hip Hop?

Cultural Syncretism

Language Group

Collection of Languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and have similar grammar and vocabulary.

Vulgar Latin

A daily used form of Latin spoken by ancient Romans, as opposed to the normal dialect.

Romance Language

Languages that were in the areas that were once controlled by the Roman Empire.

Creole Language

A language that is a result of the mixing, of a colonizer's language of the indigenous language of the people being dominated.

Language Branch

a collection of languages within a family related through a common ancestral language that existed several thousand years ago.

Language Family

A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history.

British Received Language

Dialect of English associated with upper class British living in London and is now considered standard in the U.K.

Developing Language

A language spoken daily by people of all ages in a population that has a literary tradition.

Dialect

A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.

Official Language

The language adopted for use by the government for road signs, stamps, money and more.

Franglais

Mix of French and English.

Ebonics

A dialect spoken by some African Americans

Pidgin Language

A simplified form of a lingua franca that is understood by 2 people or more people that don't understand the same native language.

Lingua Franca

A language of international communication that is formed by mixing 2 different languages into a common language.

Literary Tradition

A language that is written as well as spoken.

Isolated Language

A language that is unrelated to other language and is therefore not part of any language families.

Extinct Language

A language that was daily used by people but is no longer in use.

Ideograms/Logograms

Symbols that represent words or meaningful parts of words.

Slang

An informal, often short-lived type of language used in place of standard words.

Vigorous Language

A language spoken daily by all ages, but lacks a literary tradition.

Spanglish

A mix of Spanish and English

Denglish

A mix of German and English

Isogloss

The word-usage boundary that can be constructed for any word.

What is the diffusion process by which folk culture most often spreads?

Relocation Diffusion

The French obsession with soil, climate, and other physicals features that contribute to the distinct flavors of wine and cheese is a belief in the concept of ______

Terrior

In the past 50 years, the two specific technologies most associated with the diffusion of popular culture are the

Television and Internet

The Amish cultural group in the U.S. have adjusted to the dominant culture while maintaining many parts of their folk culture. What is this called?

Acculturation

What historical event around the 1700's caused advancement in Europe

Industrial Revolution

What are the 2 biggest language families

Indo European and Sino Tibetan

Diaspora

The forced dispersion of people from their homeland, example Jews from Israel.

Branch

A large and fundamental division within a religion

Denomination

A division of a branch that unites a number of local congregations in a single legal and administrative body

Ethnic Religion

Religions that appeal primarily to one group of people hiring in one place.

Sect

A relatively small group that has broken away from an established denomination

Animism

The belief that objects and natural events have a discrete spirit and conscious life

Aliya

The migration to Israel by Jewish people.

Diocese

A unit of land that a Bishop in the Roman Catholic Church watches over.

Parish

A unit of land that a priest from the Roman Catholic Church watches over and makes up a Diocese.

Intrafaith Conflict

Conflict between people of the same religion.