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A set of 100 vocabulary-style flashcards derived from the skeletal system notes.
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Body
The main part of a bone.
Head
The enlarged end of a bone.
Neck
The constriction between the head and body.
Margin
The edge of a bone.
Angle
A bend in a bone.
Ramus
A branch off the body of a bone.
Condyle
A smooth rounded articular surface.
Facet
A small flattened articular surface.
Process
A prominent projection on a bone.
Tubercle
A small rounded bump.
Tuberosity
A knob-like projection.
Trochanter
A tuberosity on the proximal femur.
Epicondyle
A projection near a condyle for ligament/muscle attachment.
Lingula
A flat, tongue-shaped process.
Hamulus
A hook-shaped process.
Horn
A horn-shaped process.
Line
A low ridge.
Crest
A prominent ridge.
Spine
A very high ridge on a bone.
Foramen
A hole through a bone.
Canal
A tunnel-like passage in a bone.
Fissure
A cleft or split opening.
Sinus
A cavity within a bone.
Fossa
A general depression in a bone.
Notch
An indentation at the edge of a bone.
Fovea
A small pit in a bone.
Groove
A long, shallow depression.
Sulcus
A deeper, narrow depression.
Skull
The bony framework of the head.
Neurocranium
The braincase; bones surrounding the brain.
Viscerocranium
The facial skeleton; protects sensory organs.
Parietal bone
Bone forming part of the skull’s sides.
Temporal bone
Bone forming the sides and base of the skull.
Frontal bone
Forehead bone.
Occipital bone
Posterior/base of the skull.
Sphenoid bone
Central skull bone with wings; forms part of the floor.
Ethmoid bone
Bone between the orbits; contributes to the nasal cavity.
Zygomatic bone
Cheekbone.
Maxilla
Upper jaw bone bearing teeth; contains alveolar processes.
Mandible
Lower jaw; articulates with the temporal bone; has body, ramus, condyle, genu, and coronoid process.
Alveolar processes
Sockets for tooth attachment in the maxilla and mandible.
Orbit
Eye socket; cone-shaped fossae with the apices oriented posteriorly.
Nasolacrimal canal
Tear drainage canal from the eye toward the nasal cavity.
Optic foramen
Opening for the optic nerve.
Cranial cavity
Space in the skull that houses the brain.
Anterior cranial fossa
Front floor of the cranial cavity.
Middle cranial fossa
Middle floor of the cranial cavity.
Posterior cranial fossa
Back floor of the cranial cavity.
Crista galli
Prominent ridge for dura mater attachment.
Olfactory fossa
Cavity in which the olfactory bulb resides.
Cribriform plate
Bony plate forming the floor of the olfactory fossa with olfactory foramina.
Olfactory nerves
Nerves that pass through the foramina of the cribriform plate.
Sella turcica
Saddle-shaped part of the sphenoid that houses the pituitary gland.
Foramen magnum
Opening where the brain connects with the spinal cord.
Carotid canal
Passage for the internal carotid artery.
Foramen lacerum
Skull-base opening near the internal carotid.
Jugular foramen
Opening for the internal jugular vein.
External auditory meatus
The ear canal in the temporal bone.
Mastoid process
Projection of the temporal bone behind the ear for muscle attachment and housing air cells.
Zygomatic process
Projection that contributes to the zygomatic arch.
Greater wing of sphenoid
Large wing of the sphenoid bone anterior to the temporal bone.
Zygomatic arch
Cheekbone arch formed by the zygomatic and temporal bones.
Palatine bone
Bone forming part of the hard palate and the nasal cavity floor.
Nasal bones
Bones forming the bridge of the nose.
Inferior nasal concha
Bottom scroll-like bone forming part of the lateral nasal wall.
Superior nasal concha
Top scroll-like projection of the ethmoid.
Vomer
Posterior portion of the nasal septum.
Hard palate
Floor of the nasal cavity; separates the nasal and oral cavities.
Nasal septum
Divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves; bony parts include vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid.
Paranasal sinuses
Air-filled cavities within skull bones.
Frontal sinus
Paranasal sinus within the frontal bone.
Maxillary sinus
Paranasal sinus within the maxilla.
Ethmoidal sinuses
Ethmoid air cells within the ethmoid bone.
Sphenoidal sinuses
Paranasal sinus within the sphenoid bone.
Pectoral girdle
Shoulder girdle; made up of the scapula and clavicle.
Pelvic girdle
Hip girdle; formed by the two coxal bones plus sacrum.
Scapula
Shoulder blade with acromion, coracoid, spine, and glenoid cavity.
Acromion process
Lateral extension of the scapula; protects and articulates with the clavicle.
Coracoid process
Hook-like projection for muscle attachment on the scapula.
Glenoid cavity
Socket that articulates with the head of the humerus.
Clavicle
Collarbone; connects the sternum to the scapula.
Humerus
Upper arm bone; has a head, neck (anatomic and surgical), tubercles, deltoid tuberosity, capitulum, trochlea, and olecranon fossa.
Radius
Lateral forearm bone; proximal head; radial tuberosity; distal styloid process; articulates with ulna and carpals.
Ulna
Medial forearm bone; olecranon and coronoid on the proximal end; distal end with styloid process.
Scaphoid
One of the eight carpal bones in the proximal row.
Lunate
One of the eight carpal bones in the proximal row.
Triquetrum
One of the eight carpal bones in the proximal row.
Pisiform
One of the eight carpal bones; pea-shaped on the proximal row.
Hamate
Carpal bone in distal row with a hook on its palmar surface.
Capitate
The largest carpal bone in the distal row.
Trapezoid
Carpal bone in the distal row next to the thumb.
Trapezium
Carpal bone at the base of the thumb.
Metacarpals
Five bones that form the palm of the hand.
Phalanges
Bones of the fingers; three in each finger, except the thumb which has two.
Hallux
The great toe.
Femur
Thigh bone; has a head, neck, greater and lesser trochanters, distal condyles and epicondyles.
Patella
Kneecap; a sesamoid bone in the tendon of the quadriceps.
Tibia
The larger leg bone; weight-bearing; has a tibial tuberosity, anterior crest, condyles, intercondylar eminence, and medial malleolus.
Fibula
The slender leg bone; articulates with the tibia; has a lateral malleolus.
Arch of the foot
Three arches (medial and lateral longitudinal, and transverse) that distribute body weight from heel to ball.