Skeletal System (Gross Anatomy) Vocabulary Flashcards

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A set of 100 vocabulary-style flashcards derived from the skeletal system notes.

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100 Terms

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Body

The main part of a bone.

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Head

The enlarged end of a bone.

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Neck

The constriction between the head and body.

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Margin

The edge of a bone.

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Angle

A bend in a bone.

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Ramus

A branch off the body of a bone.

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Condyle

A smooth rounded articular surface.

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Facet

A small flattened articular surface.

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Process

A prominent projection on a bone.

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Tubercle

A small rounded bump.

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Tuberosity

A knob-like projection.

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Trochanter

A tuberosity on the proximal femur.

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Epicondyle

A projection near a condyle for ligament/muscle attachment.

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Lingula

A flat, tongue-shaped process.

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Hamulus

A hook-shaped process.

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Horn

A horn-shaped process.

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Line

A low ridge.

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Crest

A prominent ridge.

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Spine

A very high ridge on a bone.

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Foramen

A hole through a bone.

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Canal

A tunnel-like passage in a bone.

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Fissure

A cleft or split opening.

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Sinus

A cavity within a bone.

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Fossa

A general depression in a bone.

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Notch

An indentation at the edge of a bone.

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Fovea

A small pit in a bone.

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Groove

A long, shallow depression.

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Sulcus

A deeper, narrow depression.

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Skull

The bony framework of the head.

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Neurocranium

The braincase; bones surrounding the brain.

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Viscerocranium

The facial skeleton; protects sensory organs.

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Parietal bone

Bone forming part of the skull’s sides.

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Temporal bone

Bone forming the sides and base of the skull.

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Frontal bone

Forehead bone.

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Occipital bone

Posterior/base of the skull.

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Sphenoid bone

Central skull bone with wings; forms part of the floor.

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Ethmoid bone

Bone between the orbits; contributes to the nasal cavity.

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Zygomatic bone

Cheekbone.

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Maxilla

Upper jaw bone bearing teeth; contains alveolar processes.

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Mandible

Lower jaw; articulates with the temporal bone; has body, ramus, condyle, genu, and coronoid process.

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Alveolar processes

Sockets for tooth attachment in the maxilla and mandible.

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Orbit

Eye socket; cone-shaped fossae with the apices oriented posteriorly.

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Nasolacrimal canal

Tear drainage canal from the eye toward the nasal cavity.

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Optic foramen

Opening for the optic nerve.

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Cranial cavity

Space in the skull that houses the brain.

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Anterior cranial fossa

Front floor of the cranial cavity.

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Middle cranial fossa

Middle floor of the cranial cavity.

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Posterior cranial fossa

Back floor of the cranial cavity.

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Crista galli

Prominent ridge for dura mater attachment.

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Olfactory fossa

Cavity in which the olfactory bulb resides.

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Cribriform plate

Bony plate forming the floor of the olfactory fossa with olfactory foramina.

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Olfactory nerves

Nerves that pass through the foramina of the cribriform plate.

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Sella turcica

Saddle-shaped part of the sphenoid that houses the pituitary gland.

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Foramen magnum

Opening where the brain connects with the spinal cord.

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Carotid canal

Passage for the internal carotid artery.

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Foramen lacerum

Skull-base opening near the internal carotid.

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Jugular foramen

Opening for the internal jugular vein.

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External auditory meatus

The ear canal in the temporal bone.

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Mastoid process

Projection of the temporal bone behind the ear for muscle attachment and housing air cells.

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Zygomatic process

Projection that contributes to the zygomatic arch.

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Greater wing of sphenoid

Large wing of the sphenoid bone anterior to the temporal bone.

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Zygomatic arch

Cheekbone arch formed by the zygomatic and temporal bones.

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Palatine bone

Bone forming part of the hard palate and the nasal cavity floor.

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Nasal bones

Bones forming the bridge of the nose.

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Inferior nasal concha

Bottom scroll-like bone forming part of the lateral nasal wall.

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Superior nasal concha

Top scroll-like projection of the ethmoid.

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Vomer

Posterior portion of the nasal septum.

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Hard palate

Floor of the nasal cavity; separates the nasal and oral cavities.

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Nasal septum

Divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves; bony parts include vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid.

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Paranasal sinuses

Air-filled cavities within skull bones.

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Frontal sinus

Paranasal sinus within the frontal bone.

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Maxillary sinus

Paranasal sinus within the maxilla.

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Ethmoidal sinuses

Ethmoid air cells within the ethmoid bone.

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Sphenoidal sinuses

Paranasal sinus within the sphenoid bone.

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Pectoral girdle

Shoulder girdle; made up of the scapula and clavicle.

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Pelvic girdle

Hip girdle; formed by the two coxal bones plus sacrum.

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Scapula

Shoulder blade with acromion, coracoid, spine, and glenoid cavity.

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Acromion process

Lateral extension of the scapula; protects and articulates with the clavicle.

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Coracoid process

Hook-like projection for muscle attachment on the scapula.

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Glenoid cavity

Socket that articulates with the head of the humerus.

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Clavicle

Collarbone; connects the sternum to the scapula.

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Humerus

Upper arm bone; has a head, neck (anatomic and surgical), tubercles, deltoid tuberosity, capitulum, trochlea, and olecranon fossa.

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Radius

Lateral forearm bone; proximal head; radial tuberosity; distal styloid process; articulates with ulna and carpals.

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Ulna

Medial forearm bone; olecranon and coronoid on the proximal end; distal end with styloid process.

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Scaphoid

One of the eight carpal bones in the proximal row.

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Lunate

One of the eight carpal bones in the proximal row.

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Triquetrum

One of the eight carpal bones in the proximal row.

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Pisiform

One of the eight carpal bones; pea-shaped on the proximal row.

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Hamate

Carpal bone in distal row with a hook on its palmar surface.

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Capitate

The largest carpal bone in the distal row.

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Trapezoid

Carpal bone in the distal row next to the thumb.

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Trapezium

Carpal bone at the base of the thumb.

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Metacarpals

Five bones that form the palm of the hand.

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Phalanges

Bones of the fingers; three in each finger, except the thumb which has two.

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Hallux

The great toe.

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Femur

Thigh bone; has a head, neck, greater and lesser trochanters, distal condyles and epicondyles.

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Patella

Kneecap; a sesamoid bone in the tendon of the quadriceps.

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Tibia

The larger leg bone; weight-bearing; has a tibial tuberosity, anterior crest, condyles, intercondylar eminence, and medial malleolus.

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Fibula

The slender leg bone; articulates with the tibia; has a lateral malleolus.

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Arch of the foot

Three arches (medial and lateral longitudinal, and transverse) that distribute body weight from heel to ball.