AP GOV

1st Amendment

Free speech/Press/Petition/Free exercise of Religion

2nd Amendment

Right to Bear Arms

3rd Amendment

No Quartering of Soldiers

4th Amendment

No Unreasonable Search and Seizure

5th Amendment

Cannot be forced to incriminate yourself/no double jeopardy/eminent domain

6th Amendment

Right to a lawyer/fair trial/speedy trial/right to confront witness against you

7th Amendment

Citizens have the right to a jury trial in federal non-criminal cases

8th Amendment

No cruel and unusual punishment/ unreasonable bail

9th Amendment

Jus t because it is not mentioned in the constitution does not mean we don’t have that right

10th Amendment

All powers not given to national government goes to the states

11th Amendment

Citizens can’t sue a state in federal court without the states permission

12th Amendment

Separate electoral college ballots for president and vice president

13th Amendment

Abolish slavery

14th Amendment

Reiterated citizenship for freed slaves/privileges and immunities clause/ due process clause/ equal protection clause

15th Amendment

All males could vote

16th Amendment

Congress can levy an income tax

17th Amendment

Senators now elected by the people of the state and NOT the legislatures

18th Amendment

Prohibition of alcohol

19th Amendment

Women’s suffrage

20th Amendment

Moved up the time national office holders take office/if something happens to Pres. , VP takes over

21st Amendment

Repealed prohibition

22nd Amendment

Limited presidents terms to two 4 year terms(Max of 10 years)

23rd Amendment

Gave D.C three electoral votes

24th Amendment

Abolished poll taxes

25th Amendment

Procedures for if the Pres becomes unfit for duty

26th Amendment

18 year olds can vote

27th Amendment

Congress cannot increase their pay in the same term

Legislative Branch checks the Executive branch

• Overrides a Pres. veto with 2/3 majority vote in each house of congress

• oversight hearing

• can increase/reduce the budget proposed by Pres.

• House of Representatives can impeach(acuse) Pres.

• Senate is the jury for the impeachment trial and convicts or acquits the Pres.

• Senate ratifies treatises by 2/3 majority

• Senate approves presidential appointments by simple majority

Legislative Branch Checks the Judicial Branch

• can change the number and jurisdiction of federal courts

• Sets lower federal court jurisdiction

• Can change the number of justices on the supreme court

• Senate proves federal judge appointees

• House of Representatives can impeach(accuse) a federal judge

• Senate is the jury for impeachment trial and convicts or quits federal judge

• Can initiate a constitutional amendment

Executive branch checks the legislative branch

• can veto a bill

• President can decide not to enforce a law

• Executive orders

• Executive agreements

• Bully pulpit(appealing directly to the people)

• Can convene congress

Executive branch checks the judicial

• appoints federal judges

• Can choose not to enforce a court decision

• Pardon power

Judicial branch checks the legislative

• judicial review

Judicial branch checks the executive

• judicial review

Bureaucratic Discretion

• Bureaucratic Discretion is the power given to agencies by congress to implement laws using their expert judgment

Bureaucratic rulemaking

• Bureaucratic rulemaking is the process by which agencies create regulations necessary to carry out the laws that congress makes. These regulations have the same effect as laws.

Executive branch checks on the Bureaucracy

• Appoint and remove agency heads(not all agency heads can be removed by Pres.)

• Reorganize the Bureaucracy(with congressional approval)

• Change an agency’s budget

• Adjust polices that would alter the Bureaucracy’s activities

• Issue executive orders

Legislative branch checks on the Bureaucracy

• pass legislation that alters the bureaucracy’s activities

• Abolish existing programs

• Reduce funding to bureaucracy

• Congressional oversight(hearings requiring bureaucrats to testify)

• senate approves bureaucratic appointments

Judicial branch checks the Bureaucracy

• Judicial review

Margin required to override a Presidential veto

2/3 majority in House and Senate(Supermajority)

Margin required to ratify treaty

2/3 majority in senate(supermajority)

Margin required to impeach Pres.

Simple majority in House

Margin required to convict a Pres. that has been impeached

2/3 in senate(supermajority)

Margin required to elevate a Pres. nominee on a federal court(including Supreme Court)

Simple majority in Senate

Margin required to elect Pres.

Simple majority in Senate(270 electoral votes)

Margin required to pass a law

Simple majority in both houses of congress

Margin required to propose an amendment

2/3 in both houses of congress(supermajority) or if 2/3 of state legislature request conviction

Margin required to ratify an amendment

¾ of states