World History Final Sem 2

What are the major civilizations

Spain, England, France

Who are the spainish explorers

CConquistadors, Cortes. They were all about the three Gs! GOLD GOD GLORY. Wiped out a ton of

the indigenous population!

What is the columbian exchange

The informal trade network between the old world (Europe) and the New World (America)

This included the foll9owing, animals, plants, food LIKE TURKEY!!!! And chocolate, and unfortunately slaves, and disease

LIKE SMALLPOX Syphilis’s, AND YELLOW FEVER.

What is the middle passage

- Was the middle part of the triangle trade, where the most slaves died as they WENT FROM AFRICA

TO THE NEW WORLD! BRAZIL had the most slaves imported in the New world as a single Country! The Caribbean had the

most as a group of counties

What is the triangle trade

The Network of trade between the new world and old world that brought, manufactured goods to Africa,

which then sent slaves, ivory, TURTLES to the New World, which then sent raw materials to Europe!

What is the atlantic slave trade

Selling and buying of slaves from Africa to the New world because they killed so many indigenous

people. And needed a new supply of workers.

What is the cause of the age of exploration

New markets and materials are needed, Europeans are interested in new things from Asia like SILK AND

SPICES. So they try to find a route to ASIA.

What is the affect of the age of exploration

> Europe becomes super rich! The New world is not and become devasted with diseases and warfare!

African is also picked clean of any potential future leaders due to the slave trade!

How were native people treated by the spainish and south america

They were treated very poorly demancipated by warfare forced labor and the spread of disease

What were the social effects of the Coloumbian exchange

We start seeing indigenous cultures get wiped out and mixed with europeans

What were the political effects of the Coloumbian Exchange

Monarchy being promoted and growing

What were the cultural effects of the coloumbian exchange

The cultures became westernized and like european

What were the economic effects of the columbian exchange

They make lots of money from gold

What were the motives for exploration

Wealth and staring a new better life

Absolutism

Political beilf that one ruler should hold all power within the country

Divine Right

God created monarchy, God gave absolute monarch power to rule

Henry of Navarre

A protestant who survived a massacre, then married a catholic and became catholic and ruled

peacuflly until he was stabbed to death

Huguenots

French Protestants

St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre of 1572

-A catholic surprise attack on the wedding of Henry of Navarrese to try and

kill as many protestant as possible. IT WAS FOR SURE PLANNED BY THE MOTHER IN LAW CATRHINE DE MEDICI

Edict of Nantes

Gave religious peace to the protestants and Catholics and promised religious tolerance for all religions

King louis the 13th

was weak! Died young which meant that his son took over at a young age.

King Louis the 14th

the was a strong kind who loved the following; women, food, money, and women. Under his advaice the

PALACE OF VERSAILLES BECAME A HUGE THING.the was a strong kind who loved the following; women, food, money, and women. Under his advaice the

PALACE OF VERSAILLES BECAME A HUGE THING.

State of nature

what humans were before society

Thomas Hobbes

Phillospher guy, he believed in ONE RULER because people are dumb and wicked, He wants authority to

keep the peace

John Locke

People need strong government but not a ruler! HE inspired democracy

Voltaire

Freedom and speech religion and didn’t like big or strong government1 ALSO FRENCH GROSS

Montesquieu

Separation of powers

Mary Wollstonecraft

Girl Boss

How did enlightenment philosophers change the world

Reshaped peoples ways

What were the major beliefs of the enlightenment thinkers

Get away from Divine Right, Individuality, move towards democracy, and we need a government for the people.

How did Louis the 13th lead

Like a weak king

Major civilizations

France, Great Britain

Adam Smith

Father of capitalism! SCOOTHISH

Karl Marx

Father of Marxism, which starts into communism!

Steam Engine-

allowed new machines to be powered and to start industrializing GREAT BRITAIN, Used coal and water,

which BRITAIN HAD A LOT of! YAY!

Industrialization

When a country start industrialize, with an emphasis on machines/factories and they start becoming

more urban!

Child Labor

Kids are a growing source of labor for two reasons! 1. They can be paid for lot less! They can do jobs the

adults cant due to their tiny little hands and their smalls limbs! SADLY that ends up hurting them and kills/maims a lot

because they are in an adult world as whittle babies!

Industrial Revolution

The first county to industrialize is Britain! They industrialized DUE TO A LOT OF COAL! And

waterways!

First Estate-

Clergy and Royalty!

Second Estate-

NOBLES

Third Estate

POOR AND THE Bourgeoise (Middle class merchants and educated artisans!

Robespierre-

Jacobin! Who took over after the National Assembly fell apart! He was the leader of a self-appointed

committee called the Committee of public Safety! WAS ALL ABOUT PROTECTION THE REVOLUTION, it ends up though

killing all those who didn’t agree or were strongly supportive of the revolution!

King Louis 16th

was the king during the revolution! Lost his power and his head!

Madame Deficient

Marie Antoinette , she liked three things; SPENDING DAT MONEY, SPENDING DAT MONEY, AND

CLOTHES

Napoleon

Was very very very very very very vey very well liked French general, who had soldiers and civilians

thinking he was the best thing since Nutella. Napoleon won support by slapping the Austrians around, and he strolls back

to Paris and backstabs his friends (On the directory). HE MANAGES TO KEEP THE REVOLUTION alive even though he

rules like a dictator. He invades Russia, and gets slapped by snow and polar bears (JK about the polar bears). He then

gets exiled, and comes back and then gets slapped by the Tea Drinkers (British)

Reign of Terror-

Was under the rule of Robespierre 40,000 were killed!,

Tennis Court Oath-

It was actually on Hand Ball court, where the General assembly met to create a new government

called the National assembly! (THIS WAS EARLY ON IN THE REVOLUTION)

What are the three things that make up capitalism?

Competition, Choice, FREE Market

WHO lead the National Assembly?

The ESTATES GENERAL, particular the Third and Second Estate

Why did the people of France revolt against the Government?

Taxation, overspending, Oppression, Bad bad harvest, RISE OF THE PRICE OF THE BREAD

Berlin conference-

Also called the Partion of Africa. Its when the following countries stepped in and Divide up African

like a pie, Like Germany, Belgium, France, England, Spanish, Portuguese, Netherlands!

Sepoy Munity-

When the East India Company pissed off Indian born soldiers Called Sepoys) and there was a lot of

religious disrespect/intolerant which led to the Sepoys fighting back. It was kind of smacked, but!!!!! THE BRITISH TOOK

CONTROL and took it back from the EAST INDIA COMPANY Called now the British RAJ.

Imperialism-

A policy of extending a counties power/influence through diplomacy or military force!

“White Man’s Burden” The burden of “Civilized” Countries to help those less Fortunate

Motives for imperialism-

New Markets, New Goods/resources from new places, Spread civilizing/religion, to get more

workers! By enslaving… ☹

Tutsi

An ethnic minority in Rwanda, which was originally placed on the top of the social hierarchy by the Belgians! They

were given this because they were “Taller, Lighter skin tone, and narrower noses” They ruled as the minority with the

Belgians and pissed off the Hutus. The tusis after Rwanda became a country, were engulfed in a civil war for control of

the GOVERNMENT vs the Hutus. They created the RPF Rwandan Patriotic Front. Led by a a man called Paul K!

Hutu

Ethnic Majority of Rwanda and they were pissed they lost power and spent years fighting a civil war to get power!

They also had a lot of VERY VERY extremist groups like the Hutu power movement which prided themselves on being

Hutu! They also started preparing for a possible attack by brining in machetes and guns….

They shot down the president plane (WHO WAS HUTU) and then blamed the tutsis! They then killed the prime minster as

she was guarded by the UN…. They then proceeded to partake in a genocide for 3 months killing we believe up to

820,000 Rwandas. INCLUDING HUTU moderates but mostly tutsi. They called the Tusis the tall trees! And most killing

ws done by the people ☹

M.A.I.N Causes of WW1

Militarism, Imperialism, Alliance, Nationalism!!

Militarism-

a very strong belief in using the military the solve all problems! Its involved spending a lotttttttttttttt of

money and time on making the newest and bestest military!

Alliances-

Countries that work together to protect each from enemies. ONE COUNTRY COULD PULL IN OTHERS LOLOL

which is why we have WW1.

Nationalism

is like patriotism on steroids, it’s the belief that your country is so superior than others that you should be

able to dictate what is done and what is said without any care in the world about other countries!

Central Powers

Triple Alliance- Germany, Austrian Hungary, ITALIANS!

The “Allies”-

Known as the Triple Entente, France, Russia, GREAT Britain AT THE START.

Treaty of Versailles-

The agreement/peace treaty that ends the war and is signed in France. It was completely and

utterly unfair towards Germany, Russia, and Japan. This also plants the seeds for WW2. War Guilt clause, reparations,

and the creation of the league of nations! WHICH AMERICAN NEVER JOINS!!

Trench Warfare-

Led to a deadlock of Germany and the Triple Entente. It kept soldiers safer, until they had to leave

and cross no mans land. Lead to high casualties! THIS WAS THE FIGHTING STYLE OF WW1

Adolf Hitler-

Leader of Germany During WW2, He was an evil man and 1919 was wounded in WW1. As the country of

Germany surrender, Hitler and other veterans are pissed and blame the Govt, SO Hitler plots his revenge! Joins the NAZI

party and becomes the leader. And tries to overthrow the government. Thrown in jail and then writes Mein Kampf (This

is the blue-print for Hitlers rise to power) He falsely blames the Jewish population of Germany for the loss of WW1. He

becomes chancellor, then when the (German Capitol burns) he declares with the president to suspend all civil liberties

and declare a national emergency which allows him almost full control.

He starts imprisoning and killing his enemies! Was a fascist and a huge P.O.S.

Joseph Stalin-

Leader of USSR during WW2. He was a commie, and a bad person. He was openly killing millions of his

own people by mismanaged policies and laid waste to his own land when Germany attacked with operation Barbarossa.

He spawned the now famous 5 year plans

Benito Mussolini-

Italian Dictator/ Fascist. He ruled and then was captured and then broken out, then capture again in

1945 by Free Italian soldiers who hang him in MILAN square!

Battle of Britain-

Germany attempt to take out the RAF and get control of the English Airspace! It was working until,

Until Hitler got impatient he stopped attacking bases and factories and started attacking cities! Which gave the BRITISH

a chance to rearm and stay alive!

Evacuation of Dunkirk-

This is the evacuation of British and French troops from Dunkirk France, as they were being

attacked by the invading Germans! This should have been a slaughter and the British should have lost a lot! But thanks

to operation dynamo they save upwards 300,000 Troops but lost a lot of materials including tanks!