KHS 231 FINAL EXAM

What is one reason why humans are drawn to mastering movement?

Humans naturally want to master movement.

Name three fundamental gymnastics-related skills that are essential to 'play'.

Traveling, balancing, and rotation.

What beneficial skills does gymnastics contribute to a participant's development?

Muscular strength, endurance, power, flexibility, coordination, agility, and balance.

How does gymnastics help in everyday life when people fall?

People fall and roll to avoid injury.

What type of activities can complement a gymnastics program?

Games, relays, and physical development exercises.

What does gymnastics promote in terms of physical fitness?

Endurance, strength, flexibility, coordination, and body control.

What is a developmentally appropriate physical education program expected to include?

Tasks that accommodate different ability and confidence levels.

How can gymnastics improve psychological qualities in students?

By fostering self-reliance, empathy, and self-realization.

What benefits does regular participation in gymnastics provide physiologically?

Improved strength, power, flexibility, agility, and muscular endurance.

How does gymnastics contribute to social fitness?

It can improve qualities like cooperation, tolerance, and leadership.

What movements did primitive man likely include in his dances?

Cartwheels, hand springs, and somersaults.

What did early Egyptians include in their dances as early as 1500 BC?

Acrobatic movements such as tumbling and somersaults.

What was practiced in China as early as 2600 BC as a medical exercise?

Kung Fu.

What form of physical training did the Romans promote?

Military training and strength conditioning.

What was one impact of the fall of Rome on athletics?

A period of disorganization known as the Dark Ages with little time for athletics.

What characterized the Age of Recovery after the Dark Ages?

A desire for security and protection through feudalism and chivalry.

Who emphasized the unity of mind and body in education during the Age of Recovery?

Educational leaders like Michel de Montaigne and John Amos Comenius.

What was the first school organized according to naturalistic philosophy?

Basedow’s Philanthropinium.

Who is known as the great grandfather of gymnastics for publishing the first gymnastics book?

Johann Guts Muth.

What major contribution did Baron Pierre de Coubertin make to athletics?

Reviving the Olympic Games.

What emphasis should gymnastics programs today have according to modern educational practices?

Encouraging creativity and individual skill levels.

Which three domains should be addressed when teaching educational gymnastics?

Psychomotor, cognitive, and affective domains.

What focuses on the physical development of the body in gymnastics?

The psychomotor domain.

What refers to the development of knowledge in children?

The cognitive domain.

What behaviors and values are addressed in the affective domain?

Responsible behavior, understanding differences, and opportunities for self-expression.

What should teachers ensure regarding developmental activities in gymnastics?

Activities should be developmentally appropriate and meet all learners' needs.

Why is practice time important in teaching gymnastics?

Kids need time to master skills, especially as they get more complex.

What role do open-ended movement tasks play in gymnastics education?

They help develop problem-solving and creative thinking skills.

Why is a structured environment important in gymnastics learning?

It helps children understand goals and expectations.

What should gymnastics focus on at the elementary level?

Entry-level body management skills.

What is the relationship between physically active children and adults?

Evidence suggests that physically active children become physically active adults.

What is the main purpose of quality physical education?

To show kids the value of a lifetime of physical activity.

What are the health risks reduced by physical activity?

Premature mortality, coronary heart disease, hypertension, colon cancer, diabetes.

What does 'Explore (E)' mean in the Sask Curriculum regarding skill proficiency?

Intro to basic movement patterns and skills, discovering how the body moves.

Define 'Utilization (U)' in terms of skill proficiency.

Skill performance is somewhat automatic and can be used in multiple contexts.

What are performance cues?

Words or phrases that identify and communicate critical features of a movement skill.

What are the three categories of skill themes according to the lecture?

Locomotor skills, non-locomotor (non-manipulative) skills, and manipulative skills.

What does 'Effort' refer to in movement concepts?

Awareness of how body movements are being performed.

What are some examples of locomotor skills?

Walking, running, hopping, skipping, galloping.

How should skill themes and movement concepts be taught?

Teach movement concepts first, then skill themes.

What are the main categories used to organize gymnastics skills?

Students, tumbling, apparatus; manipulative, stability, locomotor actions; body, space, effort, relationships.

What does static work in gymnastics focus on?

Achieving stillness or balance.

How can skill themes in gymnastics work together?

Skills can work separately or overlap, supporting, linking, or combining to unify gymnastics work.

What is the importance of sequences in gymnastics?

Gymnasts perfect individual skills and combine them to create a sequence or routine with aesthetic flow.

What does the scope of a gymnastics program refer to?

What will and will not be taught in the program.

What do younger students primarily focus on in their gymnastics training?

Basic skills in traveling, balancing, and rotation.

What is the main focus of Stage III in gymnastics?

Beginning sequence work that includes linking actions together in a clear, aesthetically pleasing way.

What is the goal of counterbalance in gymnastics?

Achieving a stable balance position by pushing against another gymnast or equipment.

What happens in the flight phase of a jump in gymnastics?

The body travels through the air after takeoff and before landing.

During rotation actions, why is it important for athletes to fix their eyes on a specific point?

It helps maintain balance and provides a reference point in space to overcome dizziness.

What is the L Sit position in gymnastics?

Put your legs together out straight, arms straight in the air, back straight, forming a capital L with your body.

Describe the Tuck Sit shape.

Sit on your bottom, knees pulled up to chest, chin tucked down to knees, holding each leg with one hand.

How should you position yourself in the Lying Down Pencil position?

Lie down on the ground with legs straight together and arms straight above your head.

What is the key characteristic of the Pike position?

Legs together straight, arms extended to point at toes, and back kept straight/upright.

Describe the Straddle position in gymnastics.

Sit on your bottom, legs spread wide apart and straight, arms pointing towards toes.

What is the correct stance for the Straight or Standing Pencil position?

Stand tall with legs together and reach hands straight over the head.

How is the Hollow position performed?

Stand tall with legs together and reach hands over head while leaning slightly forward.

What action should you take in the Squat position?

Squat down so your bottom touches your calves, keeping knees together and fingertips touching the floor.

Describe the Tuck jump in gymnastics springs.

Jump off two feet, tuck knees to chest, point toes, arms over head slightly forward.

What is the definition of Front Support?

Assume a push-up position with straight arms and body straight, firm, and slightly curved upward.

What are the three components of sequences in gymnastics?

A beginning, middle, and end.

What do starting and ending positions in gymnastic sequences signal?

Control and draw attention, indicating 'Watch me' or 'I am finished now'.

What should a sequence consist of at the minimum?

A travel on the feet, a roll, and a symmetrical balance.

What factors should be focused on when designing sequences for kids?

Good linking actions and transitions from one skill to another.

How long should balances be held to demonstrate control?

Generally, 3 to 5 seconds.

What is a key question to consider for smooth transitions in sequences?

Where am I now? Where do I want to go? How can I smoothly and logically get there?

What elements make a good gymnastics sequence?

Guidelines adherence, formal beginning and ending, balance control, smooth transitions, novelty, and body awareness.

What is meant by 'novelty and contrast' in gymnastics sequences?

Encouraging uniqueness in movements and comparing at least two options to enhance performance.

What should children demonstrate in sequences to ensure safety and effectiveness?

Complete body awareness at all times.

What types of movements should be included in a gymnastics sequence guideline?

Must contain various balances, rotations, and traveling movements at different levels.

What is the goal of physical education according to the lecture notes?

To create life-long participants who are physically active for a lifetime.

Why is building a foundation of fundamental movements and skills important?

It allows students to use these skills across many games and sports and increases their confidence to try various activities.

What are some benefits of gymnastics mentioned in the notes?

Improves motor skills, increases flexibility, builds coordination and balance, enhances self-esteem, and promotes cognitive functioning.

Why is gymnastics referred to as 'the mother of all sports'?

Because it provides foundational movements for all other sports.

What is one example of how gymnastics skills transfer to other sports?

The flexibility used in gymnastics is similar to that needed by hockey or soccer players to save a goal.

How does gymnastics participation affect athletes in other Olympic sports?

Athletes who have participated in gymnastics tend to achieve higher results than their non-gymnast competitors.

What should physical educators aim to do with gymnastics movements?

Show connections between gymnastics skills and movements in other games/sports.

What does the lecture suggest about lifelong participation in gymnastics?

Students aren't expected to participate in gymnastics forever, but they should acquire skills for lifetime activities.

What types of activities are listed that involve movement similar to gymnastics?

Diving, figure skating, dance, synchronized swimming, snowboarding, martial arts, yoga, and more.

What role does goal setting have in the benefits of gymnastics?

It builds personal discipline and shapes athletes' mindsets towards achieving objectives.

What are three reasons to assess students in gymnastics?

Evaluating children’s progress, evaluating the physical education program, and gaining credibility with administrators and parents.

What is alternative assessment in physical education?

Alternative assessment refers to assessments such as projects, portfolios, event tasks, student logs and journals, checklists, rating scales, and rubrics.

What does authentic assessment refer to?

Authentic assessment describes performance assessment that occurs in a realistic environment rather than in a contrived one.

Give an example of an assessment task in gymnastics.

Demonstrate a gymnastics sequence including balances and rolls, evaluated on criteria such as starting and ending stillness, balance changes, and roll technique.

What is the difference between analytic and holistic assessment?

Analytic assessment evaluates specific skills, while holistic assessment evaluates the overall performance or sequence.

How is a holistic rubric used in gymnastics assessment?

It evaluates the performance as a whole rather than individual components, categorizing performance as proficient, competent, or needs improvement.

What are the criteria for achieving a level 4 score in the analytic rubric example?

Beginning and ending balances held still for 3 seconds, showing clear and different shapes with level changes, and rolls performed with excellent technique.

What role does assessment data play in physical education?

It demonstrates student achievement and supports physical education as a critical part of the school curriculum.

Name two types of projects included in physical education assessment.

Projects and portfolios, where students demonstrate learning through exhibitions or various objects.

What are student logs and how are they used in assessments?

Student logs are kept by teachers to record events or behaviors over time, showing progress, change, or participation patterns.

What should guide your decisions when developing a gymnastics program?

A set of practices that provide a basis for decisions.

How can teachers introduce gymnastics to students effectively?

Using a book like D.W. Flips by Marc Brown to set a positive mindset.

What type of instruction is recommended for PreK & K students in gymnastics?

Large group instruction briefly, with most time spent in small groups or individually.

What foundational skills should be taught to Grades 1 & 2 in gymnastics?

Foundational traveling, balancing, and rotation skills.

What should teachers consider when planning a gymnastics lesson?

Class size, equipment, facility requirements, and practice time.

What is an effective way to manage large class sizes in gymnastics?

Utilize station work and learning centers.

What type of equipment can be used in gymnastics lessons?

Simple equipment like skipping ropes, hula hoops, and mats.

What is the primary focus of educational gymnastics?

Body management rather than competitive gymnastics.

What should be ensured about equipment used in gymnastics?

That it is stable, sturdy, and safe.

How can teachers advocate for their gymnastics program?

By promoting how gymnastics contributes positively to physical activity and education.