DNA Replication and Cell Functions

These flashcards cover key concepts in DNA replication and cell functions, helping students review for their exam.

Where does DNA replication occur in eukaryotic cells?

Inside the nucleus.

What is the phase called when DNA is replicated before cell division?

Interphase or S phase.

What are the roles of enzymes during DNA replication?

Enzymes help unzip DNA and synthesize new strands by matching DNA bases.

What are the two types of DNA strands during replication?

The leading strand and the lagging strand.

What are Okazaki fragments?

Short segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during replication.

What is the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication?

Each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand.

What is the Central Dogma of molecular biology?

Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.

What is endocytosis?

The process of moving substances into the cell from low to high concentration.

What is exocytosis?

The process of moving substances out of the cell from high concentration to low concentration.

What is passive transport?

The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the need for energy.

Define selectively permeable.

A membrane that allows some substances to pass through while blocking others.

What is active transport?

The movement of substances against the concentration gradient, which requires energy.

What is osmosis?

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

What are solute and solvent in a solution?

Solute is the substance being dissolved; solvent is the substance doing the dissolving, usually water.

What does isotonic mean?

Equal movement of molecules in and out of the cell.

What is a cell membrane?

A structure that controls what comes in and out of the cell.

What is the function of chloroplasts in a cell?

To collect sunlight and make food for the plant.

What is the role of the mitochondria?

To produce the energy a cell needs to carry out its functions.

What is the Cell Theory?

1. All living things are composed of one or more cells; 2. Cells are the basic unit of life; 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

What is multicellular?

Organisms made of more than one cell.

Define unicellular.

Organisms made of only one cell.