AAH Modern Exam #3

Avant Garde, Bauhaus-Purism, Terragni-Mies

Secession Building

• Vienna, Austria

• exhibition hall

• Ver Sacrum = “Sacred Spring” - motto

• gold laurel wreaths in a ball on top of the building, connection to Apollo

Post Office Savings Bank

• 1904

• Otto Wagner

• Vienna, Austra

• Transitional Building - stages a transition for one approach to the next

• the outside celebrates old empire - Neoclassical, the inside celebrates the new industrialist age - modern

Loos Haus

• 1910

• Adolf Loos

• this building is a bank not a house despite the name

• first building in Europe with no ornament

• took 7 years to get permission to build it

Moller House

• 1928

• Adolf Loos

• contained a free plan

• plastic space- malleable, dynamic space

Spatial Diagram

• 1924

• Theo van Doesburg

• first Axonometric drawing

• Didn’t build anything just did diagrams

Schröder House

• 1923

• Utrecht, Netherlands

• first house in Europe with no ornament

• interior of the house is adjustable, where the walls and furniture go, to accommodate the resident

Red Blue Chair

• 1917

• Gerrit Rietveld - designed by

• you cannot see the joints of the chair - sanded and painted over

• utilizes the primary colors

• the original is on display at the museum of modern art

La Città Nuova

• 1913

• a piece from a series of visionary drawings

• Part of the futurist group

• The vision of a new type of city

• Built out of reinforced concrete 

Monument to the Third International

• 1919

• Vladimir Tatlin

• an office building that was never built

• kinetic sculpture

• Spiral represents dynamic change

Proun

• 1921

• El Lissitzky

• Spent a lot of time in Europe 

• Taught at the Bauhaus

• Best known for Adjiprop diagonal - means agitate propaganda, meant to insight them to a revolution

Cloud Hanger Project

• 1925

• Proposal for a modern apartment building 

• Was never built 

• The bottom is supposed to represent the ideal communist-no barriers, free

USSR Pavilion

• 1925

• Konstantin Melnikov

• Located in Paris

• Glass curtain wall - to represent the transparency of communism

Rusakov Worker’s Club

• 1927

• Konstantin Melnikov

• Features a diagonal that is for seating

• Auditorium building

AEG Turbine Factory

• Peter Behrens

• In West Berlin, Germany

• Combines heavy masonry and a roof line shaped like a ship

• Iron glass curtain wall - maximize transparency for the workers in the factor

Fagus Factory

• 1911

• Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer

• Factory for the manufacture of shoe lasts

• Circulation is visible to the outside

Glass Pavilion

• 1914

• Bruno Taut

• Interior makes it look like a temple

• commission from a glass company

Werkbund Exhibition Theater

• 1914

• Henry van de Velde

• Designed the first Bauhaus building 

• Held on to the use of ornament

Einstein Tower

• Erich Mendelsohn - Was Jewish and had to leave Germany because of Hitler

• Part of the glass chain

• Tower design to provide a stage

• An observatory

Bauhaus Building

• Walter Gropius

• Bauhaus = “House of Building”

• Pinwheel plan

• Every part of the building has a specific function

• Was closed down by the Nazis 

Wassily Chair

• Prototype for modern furniture

• Tubular frame with leather strips

• it is common enough to find these in probably 50% of office lobby’s 

• Very uncomfortable

Light-Space Modulator

• 1923

• Kinetic sculpture - avant-garde shapes

• Place objects on platforms and spin it then take pictures - to make art

• Built it at the Bauhaus

Weissenhofsiedlung

• 1927

• In Stuttgart - Southern Germany

• Most Germans didn't like this

• Multiple architects worked on this

Maison Domino

• Most influential housing proposal in all of architecture

• Was in a competition for cheap housing 

• The materials were provided by the government 

• Entire cities were built off of this idea

Still Life

• 1920

• Shows everyday objects as pure forms 

• Art and architecture should only consist of pure forms

• Look like they have been made by a machine

Pavillon de l’Esprit Nouveau

• Built for the world’s fair in Paris - 1925

• Pavilion of the new spirt

• Painted plywood to look like concrete 

• Part of a proposal for modular housing

Villa Stein

• 1926

• Le Corbusier

• Garsh, France

• Weekend house to show off artwork to friends

• The awning above the door is designed to look like an airplane wing, a nod to new architecture

Villa Savoye

• 1928

• Le Corbusier

• located north of Paris

• weekend getaway house for family living in Paris

• heavily damaged by Nazi bombs in WWII

• best example of the 5 points of architecture

Novocomum

• apartment building in Como, Italy

• First modern building in Italy 

• Heavily influenced by Le Corbusier

• Walls are covered with marble tiles

Casa del Fascio

• Como, Italy

• Giuseppe Terragni

• “House of Fascism” headquarters - meaning

• 9 square grid plan like the Villa Rotunda

Asilo Sant’ Elia

• 1936

• Giuseppe Terragni

• Elementary school

• Purpose of transparency is to view the kids at all time

• The building with the most glass in the world at the time

Danteum

• Giuseppe Terragni

• Fascist head party quarters in Rome

• Never got built, just a project

• There is a false entrance to the “dark woods” to represent inferno

Casa Giuliani Frigerio

• Giuseppe Terragni

• Apartment building with a rectangular plan

• Covered with tiny marble tile

• overlays the additive and subtractive drawings over top each other when designing this building to do both at the same time when constructed

Friedrichstrasse Skyscraper Project

• 1921

• Mies van der Rohe

• Charcoal drawing - glass, steel, and concrete

• This was part of a competition sponsored by the city of Berlin

• Not showing structure of building - non-buildable architecture

Glass Skyscraper Project

• 1922

• Mies van der Rohe

• You can see the floor plate and steel columns structure

• He designed based on function of building not aesthetics

• Irregular undulated shape

Barcelona Pavilion

• Mies van der Rohe

• Very expensive materials

• No exterior walls only curtain walls

• Torn down, then rebuilt

Illinois Institute of Technology Campus

• Mies van der Rohe

• located on the south side of Chicago

• Steel frame with large glass panes

• Used modulus to lay it out - first time to use mathematical measures

Farnsworth House

• Located in Illinois

• Commissioned by a doctor

• Everything is exposed to the exterior

• On platform to avoid flooding from the river

• Feel of a Greek temple

Lake Shore Drive Apartments

• 1948

• Downtown Chicago, IL

• Classical feel to them

• Building went way over budget

• First tall steel building in Chicago

Crown Hall

• 1950 - Finished in 1954

• Mies van der Rohe

• Housed the architecture program on the first floor

• symmetrical structure located ontop a podium

Seagram Building

• Mies van der Rohe

• Co-designed with Philip Johnson 

• commissioned by a whisky company -- Seagram

• Has a plaza in front - only building in New York to do this