Monohybrid Crossing Expieriments

Gregor Mendel

The scientist who developed the fundamental principles of inheritance through his monohybrid crossing experiments.

Allele

A version of a single gene that codes for a specific trait, with unique nucleotide sequences.

Diploid (2N)

An individual with two alleles for every gene, inheriting one allele from each parent.

Law of Segregation

Mendel's law stating that the two alleles for a trait separate during meiosis, entering different gametes.

Heterozygous

An individual with two different alleles for a particular gene.

Phenotype

The observable physical characteristics of an individual, resulting from the expression of its genotype.

F1 Generation

The first filial generation of offspring produced from a cross of the parental (P) generation.

Dominant phenotype

The trait that is expressed in the phenotype when at least one dominant allele is present.

Recessive trait

A trait that is masked by a dominant trait and may not be expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote.

Gamete

A haploid cell that fuses with another gamete during fertilization to form a new organism.

Testcross

A breeding experiment used to determine the genotype of an individual exhibiting a dominant phenotype.

Homozygous

An individual with two identical alleles for a specific gene.

Monohybrid cross

A genetic cross between parents that differ in a single trait.

3:1 ratio

The phenotypic ratio observed in the offspring of a monohybrid cross, indicating dominant and recessive traits.

Mendelian inheritance

Pattern of inheritance based on Mendel's principles, including segregation and independent assortment.

Independent assortment

Mendel's principle stating that alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another.