med surg exam 1- cancer

biopsy

taking out a piece of tissue to see if cancer cells are in it

modifiable risk factors

smoking, alcohol use, tobacco, excessive sun exposure, diet, exercise, rest, regular health examinations, stress, self-examinations

non-modifiable risk factors

age, genetics, family history, race/ethnicity

management for fatigue and muscle weakness

-maintain nutritional and hydration status

-identifying when patient is feeling better may allow more activity (rest before activity and get assistance)

management of GI (N/V, diarrhea, constipation) disturbances

-prophylactic administration of antiemetics

-assess for s/s of alkalosis, dehydration, I/O

-nonirritating, low fiber, high calorie, high protein diet

-antidiarrheal, anti-motility, and antispasmodic medications

-monitor carefully to avoid weight loss (anorexia)

management of skin issues

-lubricate skin with nonirritating lotion or solution

-wet reaction must be kept clean and protected from further damage

-facilitate wound healing

-protect irritated skin temperature extremes

-avoid constricting garments, harsh chemicals, and deodorants

-protect from sun exposure

-help patients deal with hair loss

management of pulmonary effects

-bronchodilators, expectorants/cough suppressants

-bed rest

-oxygen

management of reproductive effects

-inform patient on expected side effects

-use appropriate shielding

-refer to counseling if needed

management of cardiac effects

-adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle

-undergoing regular cardiovascular risk assessments

-ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, or diuretics

management of oral/oropharynx/esophageal reactions

-teach patient to examine oral cavity and maintain oral care routine

-dental work performed before initiation

-pain relief

-saliva substitutes or drink water frequently

-soft, nonirritating, high protein, high calorie foods

-avoid extreme temperatures, alcohol, and tobacco

neutropenia

-decrease in number of WBCs

-common after receiving chemo and increases your risk for infections

-often occurs between 7 and 12 days after you receive chemo

-infection is very dangerous

-look out for fever greater than or equal to 100.4 for more than 1 hour or a one time temperature of 101 or higher

-when neutrophil numbers are low, body does not respond to infections like it normally does meaning you will not see the typical increased body temp