the identity of a group of people who share the same cultural traditions of a particular homeland
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ethnic enclave
a geographical area where a particular ethnic group is spatially clustered, and socially and economically distinct from the majority group
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ethnoburb
suburban area with a cluster of a particular ethnic population
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ethnic exclave
an ethnicity that is completely separated form the main population of the ethnic group
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race
Identity with a group of people descended from a common biological ancestor, you share the same skin color
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nation
a homogeneous ethnic group that either has or wants a country of their own
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state
an area organized into a political unit (it has boundaries and a government)
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components of a legitimate state
be sovereign
have a stable, functioning government
have defined borders that other countries recognize and respect
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nation-state
an area where the boundaries of a nation and the boundaries of a state are the same
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stateless nation
a nation without political boundaries protecting their territory
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ethnonationalism
stateless nations who exhibit an active desire to create a state of their own
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nationalism
the love of one's nation
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patriotism
the love of one's state
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multiethnic state
state that contains more than one ethnicity
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multinational state
a state that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist
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ghetto
the area romans referred to when telling the jews to go to certain cities
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apartheid
forced ethnic clustering of black people in south africa (no longer exists)
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centripetal forces
forces that help to unify a group of people
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centrifugal forces
forces that tear a group of people apart and cause conflict
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racism
the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities
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ethnic cleansing
mass expulsion of killing of members of an unwanted ethnicity
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genocide
targeting/masacre of a particular ethnicity (ethnic cleansing, but murder)
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forward capital
a capital that is relocated to the geographical center of a state in order to not favor a particular ethnicity (the moving of a country's capital)
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microstate
tiny state with only a few square miles
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pros and cons of microstate
pros: easy to govern, less people to manage, less money spent on military
cons: less resources, easy to invade, has trouble generating economic activity
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landlocked state
a state with no access to the ocean
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pros and cons of landlocked state
pros: partially protected from invasion
cons: trade is difficult
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compact state
a country where the distance from the border to the geographic center is not significant, a symmetric state
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pros of compact state
easy to defend, good communication
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prorupted state
a state with a large projecting extension, otherwise compact
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elongated state
state with a long and narrow shape
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cons of elongated state
poor communication, difficult to defend, poor communication
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fragmented state
a state that contains many discontinued pieces of territory
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cons of fragmented state
hard to defend, poor communication, centrifugal force
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political enclave
a state that is completely surrounded by another state
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perforated state
a state that completely surrounds another state
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political exclave
a part of a state that is separated from the main part of the state
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boundary
a line (visible or invisible) that marks the territory controlled by a state
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natural/physical boundary
when a physical feature determines a political boundary
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artificial boundary
a boundary created without regard to physical geography
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geometric boundary
a boundary drawn using latitude and longitude or GPS coordinates
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antecedent boundary
a boundary created before an ecumene existed in that area
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subsequent boundary
a boundary created after an ecumene existed in that area
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consequent boundary
a boundary that is drawn in regards to existing ethnicities
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voluntary boundary
a boundary that is agreed upon by two or more countries through a treaty
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superimposed boundary
a boundary that is forced upon by a bigger more powerful group
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irredentism
movement to reclaim territory that was once owned, but lost
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disputed borders
when two sides can't agree on a border
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frontier
area where there is no boundary, and no government controlling it
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international waters/high seas
any water that is out past the zone of occupation of a state, out of the eez
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colonialism
when a country takes a group their people and plants them in new land that they don't own, but is either empty or not very populated
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imperialism
when a country controls a places already existing territory (politically, economically, socially)
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decolonization
the process by which colonies become states
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geopolitics
an strategy that consists of taking land for its strategic location or products
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chokepoint
a geographical narrow passageway that trade has to go through
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organic theory
a country is like a living organism. it is wired to survive, expand, and thrive
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heartland theory
pre WWI strategy with the idea that all great coal and iron deposits necessary for industrialization were located in the "heartland" or "pivot" area (central asia)
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berlin conference
conference where all of europe decided how africa would be divided up, africa wasn't invited
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treaty of westphalia
treaty among the major states of europe, defining the modern states of europe
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sovereignty
bility of a state to govern its territory, complete freedom
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balance of power
the creation of a system of alliances to prevent war, power is roughly equal
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supranational organization
a mutual alliance of 3 or more states created for the benefit of all, have to give up an aspect of sovereignty to be a part of it
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international organization
organization with members from multiple countries, or involved in other countries, members do not give up sovereignty
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cartel
a set of states that agree to coordinate prices
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rimland theory
if you controlled the coastal areas of eurasia, your state would be more dominant
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domino theory
if one country falls to communism all countries would fall to communism.
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devolution
the process by which regions of a state obtain more individual power, at the expense of the central government
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federal state
a state where the power is shared between the central and regional governments
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unitary state
a state where the central government has the majority of the political power
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buffer zone
an area of neutral ground that serves as a barrier between two or more states to prevent fighting
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buffer state
a state that serves as a barrier located between two larger countries that are in conflict
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unclos
united nations conventions of the laws of the sea, established territorial sea, eez and high seas
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territorial sea
the boundaries of your state extend 12 nautical miles away from your coast
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exclusive economic zone (eez)
resources in the ocean that are within 200 nautical miles of the boundaries of a state belong to that state
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continental shelf
land that keeps going underwater
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failed state
a state whose political or economical status is so weak that the government loses control
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redistricting
when you redraw the districts according to the census
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gerrymandering
when a political party redraws districts to their benefit
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special district
districts that are made for a special purpose
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geospatial data
when you look at a map and try to understand human activity across space
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density
the number of times an object occurs in a given space
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clustered
when objects are close together in a given space
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dispersed
when objects are spread apart in a given space
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pattern
when objects are arranged in space or a consistent/mathematically geometric way
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scale
the amount of earth that can be seen on a given map
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absolute location
when a place is located using latitude and longitude
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relative location
when a place is located compared to places around it that are commonly known
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site
what a spot on earth looks like in terms of its culture and its geography
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situation
the significance of a place’s relative location and where it is in relation to other places
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latitude & longitude
lines that are used to measure the absolute location - latitude (horizontal) longitude (vertical)
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international date line
a boundary on the map from which each calendar day starts
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region
an area with common human and/or environmental characteristics
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formal/uniform region
a region where a particular characteristic is dominant or uniform throughout the entire region
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functional/nodal region
a region where the characteristic has a node, the closer you are to the node, the more predominant that characteristic is
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vernacular/perceptual region
a region where people think of a general area in terms of the location of a characteristic (there is no definitive border of where the characteristic starts or ends)
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diffusion
the spread of a characteristic
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hearth
a node or core area where diffusion starts
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relocation diffusion
the spread of an idea through the physical movement of people
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expansion diffusion
the spread of an idea through the movement of the ideas
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hierarchical diffusion
diffusion which comes from a central node/authority and tends to diffuse in a predictable way
Studied by 4 people
