APUSH Period 1

Maize

super important crop in Mexican societies: helped them develop sedentary societies: advanced irrigation, social diversification, etc…

Columbian Exchange

At times accidental and at other purposeful, transferred diseased, plants, animals, peoples, ideas, and resources between Africa, Europe, and the Americas

• middle passage and slavery

• food is moved to European societies to make them healthier

• gold: foundations of capitalism

• impact in North America: small pox, horses, migrating warfare

Encomienda System

forced labor system where the Spanish enslaved Indigenous people and forced them to work in gold mines

• Spanish believed they were doing a favor by converting them to Christianity even though they were all slowly dying

Spanish Caste System (La Casta)

a racial hierarchy in Spanish colonies made to base taxes off of it: people at the bottom of the hierarchy were forced to pay the most

Pueblo Revolt

an uprising against the treatment in the encomienda system and the forced conversion to Christianity, which caused the Spaniards to leave Santa Fe for 3 years, but when they came back they were more willing to let the Indigenous peoples incorporate their own Saints, traditions, etc… in life