Foundations of Exercise Science

Macronutrients

Nutrients that provide energy to the body, primarily carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Carbohydrates

The primary source of energy for the body, especially for brain function and high-intensity exercise.

Proteins

Composed of amino acids, essential for muscle repair and growth, providing energy when carbohydrates are scarce.

Fats

The most concentrated source of energy, yielding 9 calories per gram, crucial for fat-soluble vitamin absorption.

Caloric Value

The amount of energy provided by a macronutrient, measured in kilocalories.

Calorimetry

A process that measures the amount of heat produced when food is combusted to determine energy content.

Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)

A non-invasive imaging technique that assesses body fat, lean mass, and bone density.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)

A method that estimates body composition by measuring resistance to a low-level electrical current.

Hydrostatic Weighing

A technique used to measure body density by comparing weight in water and on land.

Skinfold Measurements

Using calipers to measure skinfold thickness at various sites to estimate body fat percentage.

Objectivity

The degree to which a body composition assessment technique is standardized and consistent.

Validity

The accuracy of a body composition assessment method in producing true measurements.

Importance of Body Composition in Sports

Optimal body composition is crucial for performance, strength, and injury prevention.

Importance of Body Composition in Health

Balanced body composition reduces chronic disease risk and supports overall wellness.

Monitoring Body Composition in Disease

Tracking changes in body composition can indicate treatment effectiveness and recovery.