Cognitive and Behavioral Development- exam 1

Piaget's Cognitive Development

Describes how children acquire knowledge, intellect, and cognition.

Piaget: Sensorimotor

Birth-2 years; explores world through senses; starts with basic reflexes → movements become more complex/purposeful; develops object permanence.

Piaget: Pre-Operational

2-7 years; expresses self through language/symbols; big imagination + pretend play; animism; egocentric thinking.

Piaget: Concrete Operations

7-11 years; applies logical rules to objects; literal/rigid thinking; understands conservation (values remain unchanged even if appearance changes); categorizes objects by shape/type.

Piaget: Formal Operations

12 years-adulthood; applies logical rules to abstract concepts; analyzes environment + problem-solves; develops hypothetical-deductive and propositional thought.

Erikson: Trust vs. Mistrust

Birth-18 months; asks "Are my needs being met?" and "Can I trust my caregivers?" Examples: cries when wet/hungry, wants cuddling when sick. Goal: trust + bond with caregivers.

Erikson: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt

18 months-3 years; "I can do it myself!" Builds confidence in own abilities + begins separating from parents; tantrums, saying no, potty training, explosive development. Positive reinforcement + safe boundaries are key. Goal: confidence in own abilities.

Erikson: Initiative vs. Guilt

3-5 years; first school experiences; more interested in socializing with peers; asks endless questions to learn about world. Goal: confidence completing tasks + purpose in actions.

Erikson: Industry vs. Inferiority

5-12 years; developing sense of self; wants to do things correctly + gain peer acceptance. Goal: develop competence/pride and accomplishment.

Erikson: Identity vs. Role Confusion

12-18 years; forms identity separate from parents; intense emotions; asks "Who am I?" and "How do I fit into society?" Goal: strong sense of self.

Erikson: Intimacy vs. Isolation

18-40 years; searches for life partner/people to share life with. Goal: love/safe relationships with commitment.

Erikson: Generativity vs. Stagnation

40-65 years; desired outcome: desire to give to family/community + succeed at work.

Erikson: Integrity vs. Despair

>65 years; desired outcome: pride in achievements → satisfaction.