The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on the cell cycle, mitosis, and associated cellular structures.

Interphase

The phase of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares for division, consisting of G1, S, and G2 phases.

Mitosis

The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter nuclei.

Cytokinesis

The final stage of cell division where the cytoplasm divides, resulting in two separate daughter cells.

S Phase

The phase in interphase where DNA replication occurs.

Prophase

The first stage of mitosis where chromosomes become visible, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and spindle fibers form.

Metaphase

The second stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.

Anaphase

The third stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell.

Telophase

The fourth stage of mitosis where chromosomes uncoil, and nuclear membranes reform around each set of chromosomes.

Chromatid

One of the two identical halves of a duplicated chromosome.

Centromere

The part of a chromosome that links sister chromatids.

Cell Cycle

The series of stages that a cell goes through for growth and division, including interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

Daughter Cells

The two new cells that result from the division of a single parent cell.

Chromatin

The uncoiled form of DNA found during interphase.

Nucleus

 contains DNA and controls the cell's activities.

Gene Mutation

A change in the DNA sequence that can affect phenotype or function.

Organelle

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions.

Diffusion

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Assexual Reproduction

A process by which offspring are produced from a single parent without the involvement of gametes.

Spindle Fibers

Protein structures that help separate the chromosomes during mitosis.

Vesicle

A small membrane-bound sac that transports materials within a cell.

what are the 3 main parts of cell theory

The three main parts of cell theory are: all living organisms are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Why is the cell theory important

Describes how all living organisms share similar structure, how cells which serve similar functions are found in different organisms and how parent cells pass on information to daughter cells.