Germany: Democracy and Dictatorship

Germany states unify

1871

Leader of OG germany

Kaiser (of Prussia)

Prussian ideology

Militarism

Kaiser Germany political system

Bundesrat- Consult Kaiser (aristocracy)
Reichstag- All men over 25 vote but can be ignored

Kaiser Wilhelm II reign

1888-1918

Kaiser Wilhelm IIs aims

Become as rich as Britain
Industrialisation

German party supporting workers

SDP

SPD are formed

1875 by Liebnecht and Bebel

SPD pressure gets German pensions

1889

SPD pressure gets German healthcare provisions

1883

SPD becomes largest party

1912

Germanys strength in 1912 for Kaiser

Economic output (top euro country)
Navy and army strong

Kaiser weaknesses in 1912

SPD power
Class struggles

German navy secretary

Von Tirpitz

Naval laws passed

1898-1912

Fleet made from naval laws

1 flagship
40 battleships
40 cruisers
144 torpedo boats
72 submarines

Size of German army 1914

4.5 million

Women's protest for men to return from trenches

1915

1918 protest against government

10,000 people

German naval mutiny

28th october 1918 (Kiel)

Kaiser abdicates

9th November 1918

End of WW1

11th November 1918

First leader of Weimar

Friedrich Ebert

Weimar system of government

Proportional representation (all over 20 voted)

Election timings

4 years for Reichstag
7 years for President

Article 48

In emergency, the president can bypass Reichstag

Amount of reparations Germany had to pay

$6.6 billion

Germany miss second payment

Late 1922

France and Belgium move into the Ruhr

January 1923

Nazi Party formed

End of WW1

Hitler becomes Nazi leader

1921

Amount of Nazi members 1922

20000

Munich Putsch

8th November 1923

Hitler and Lundendorf march into Munich and we're arrested

9th November 1923

Hitler serves prison sentence in Landsberg prison

1923-1924 (writes Mein Kampf)

Stresemann policies

-Introduce Rentenmark 1:1000000000000
-Persuaded French to leave the Ruhr
-Improved relations
-Continued reparations
-Organised loans

Locarno Pact

1925 with Britain, France, Belgium and Italy

LoN joined

1926

Kellogg-Briand Pact

1928

Dawes Plan

1924 Giving loans to Germany

Young Plan

1929 reduced reparations from $6.6 billion to $2 billion

Reichsmark introduced

August 1924

Examples of Weimar culture

Cabaret
900 Dance Bands by 1927
Fritz Langs 'The Blue Angel'
Otto Dix painting
Bauhaus

Seats for Nazis in 1928

12

Seats for Nazis in 1932 (July)

230

Wall Street Crash

29th October 1929

Hindenburg elected president

1925

Stresseman dies

3rd October 1929

KPD seats 1928

54

Leader of Communist

Ernst Thalmann

von Schleicher

Army leader who was friends with Hindenburg

Von Schleicher uses position to sack Herman Muller

March 1930

New chancellor in 1930

Bruning (von Schleichers puppet)

Hindenburg wins second term

1932 but he is 84!

Von Schleicher deal with Hitler

Restrictions lifted on the SA but Hitler supports von Schleichers party in 1932 elections

Germany votes in July 1932 elections

37%

Chancellor appointed

von Papen

Schleicher replaces von Papen as Chancellor

November 1932

Hitler appointed as Chancellor (controlled by von Papen)

January 1933

Prussian government power given to State

20th July 1932

1932 person put in charge of Gestapo

Herman Göring

Reichstag fire

27rh Feb 1933

Communists arrested after Reichstag Fire

4000 plus Ernst Thalmann

Person who burnt down Reichstag

Dutch Communist van der Lubbe

Reichstag Fire Decrees

28th February, allowing Hitler to suspend free speech

Next elections

5th March 1933. SA intimidated voters and pulled down other parties propaganda

Results of the 1933 election

44% Nazi 8% National 11% centre all allied.
HITLER HAD 2/3 so he could change the constitution

Enabling Act

23rd March 1933. Allowed Cabinet to pass laws

All other parties banned

14th July 1933

Size of SA in 1933

2 million

Size of SA in 1934

4 million

Ernst Rohm given ultimatum about the Nazi party and the army

1923 choosing Nazis

Rohm become minister without portfolio in the Cabinet

1933

Himmler roles

SS senior member
Policing in Bavaria

Göring ambitions

Kill Rohm to become Hitlers second man

Goring holds meeting with Himmler about Rohm

April 1934

Contents of Goring and Rohms meeting

Himmler helps Goring compile a dossier on Rohm and Goring would give control of the Gestapo to Himmler

Blomberg position

Defence secretary

Blomberg enemy

Rohm- Hitler makes the two shake hands

Rohm becomes outspoken about Hilter

1930's

von Papen, vice chancellors, speech writer

Edgar Jung

Von Papen's speech

University of Marburg, 17th June 1934

Hitler reaction to Marburg speech

Banned its coverage
Told von Papen to go with him to Hindenburg
Von papen felt like he could become president

Hitler goes behind von Papens back to see Hindenburg

21st June 1934

Hitler receives Himmlers dossier on Rohm

29th June 1934

Hitler arrests Rohm personally

30th June 1934 (Rohm shot next day)

Code HUMMINGBIRD announced

30th June 1934 at 10am

HUMMINGBIRD instructions

SS men were to open instructions detailing who to arrest and kill

People killed in 'Hummingbird'

von Schleicher, Jung, von Papens office were killed. von Papen was only arrested.

Consequences of NotLK

Goring becomes 2nd in charge
SA power reduced
SS power increased
Himmler leads the Gestapo
Army takes oath to Hitler

Hindenburg dies, Hitler becomes Fuhrer

2nd August 1934