HOSA-Sports Medicine (Examination, Evaluation and Assessment)

Adult pulse

60-80 beats/minute

Child Pulse

80-100 beats/minute

Rapid and weak pulse indicates

Shock, bleeding, diabetic coma, and/or heat exhaustion

Rapid but strong pulse indicates

Heat stroke and/or severe fright

Strong but slow pulse indicates

Skull fracture and/or stroke

No pulse indicates

Cardiac arrest and/or death

2 most convenient sites for taking the pulse

Neck (carotid artery)

And the wrist (radial artery) is

2 most convenient sites for taking the pulse

Neck (carotid artery)

And the wrist (radial artery) is

Adult respiration

12-20 breaths/ minute

Child respirations

20-25 breaths/minute

Shallow breathing indicates

Shock

Measurement for respirations is taken by

Watching, feeling and counting the rise and fall of chest

Oral temp

98.6 degrees F

Rectal temp

99.6 degrees F

Ancillary temp

97.6 degrees F

Hot, dry skin indicates

Disease, infection, and/or over exposure to environmental heat

Cool, clammy skin is and and indicator

Trauma, shock, and/or heat exhaustion

Cool and dry skin is displayed because of...

Overexposure to cold

Irregular or gasping breath

Cardiac related

Red skin color

Heat stroke,diabetic coma, and/or high blood pressure

White skin color

Insufficient circulation, shock, fright, hemorrhage, heat exhaustion and/or insulin shock

Blue skin

Circulated blood is poorly oxygenated

Constricted pupils

Injury to the central nervous system and/or intake of a depressant drug

Dilated pupils

Head injury, shock, heat stroke, hemorrhage, and/or intake of a stimulant drug

Failing pupils to light

Brain injury, intake of alcohol, or drug poisoning

PEARL

Pupils Equal And Reactive to Light

Evaluation of LOC

Athlete's mental awareness

Memory and ability to recall

Response to commands (direction, events, etc.)

AVPU

Alert

Verbal

Responds to pain

Unresponsive

4 basic patterns of movement

Active

Passive

Assistive

Resistive

Nerve stimulation

Check for motor and sensory to determine if affected area has nerve damage

Normal Blood Pressure

120/80

Systolic

When the heart contracts

Diastolic

As the heart relaxes