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Imperialism
The policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force, often to acquire territories or resources.
The Influence of Sea Power upon History
A book written by Alfred Thayer Mahan, published in 1890, which argued that a nation's greatness and prosperity depended on control of the seas and a strong navy.
Alfred Thayer Mahan
A United States Navy officer and historian who wrote extensively on naval strategy and the importance of sea power in his book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History.
Hawaiian Islands
A group of islands in the central Pacific Ocean, annexed by the United States in 1898.
Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst
Two newspaper publishers known for sensational and often exaggerated reporting, contributing to the rise of yellow journalism.
U.S.S. Maine
A U.S. naval ship that exploded and sank in Havana Harbor, Cuba, in 1898, an event that helped lead the US into the Spanish-American War.
Spanish-American War
A conflict in 1898 largely over the independence of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.
Theodore Roosevelt
The 26th President of the United States from 1901–1909, known for his assertive foreign policy and domestic progressive reforms.
Rough Riders
A volunteer cavalry regiment, led by Theodore Roosevelt, famous for their role in the Spanish-American War and which made Roosevelt a war hero.
William McKinley
The 25th President of the United States (1897–1901), who oversaw over the Spanish-American War and the annexation of Hawaii.
Treaty of Paris, 1898
The peace treaty signed between the United States and Spain, officially ending the Spanish-American War and creating an American empire.
Platt Amendment
An amendment to the Cuban constitution, demanded by the United States as a condition for withdrawal of American troops from Cuba after the Spanish-American War, which gave the U.S. significant control over Cuban economic and political affairs.
Emilio Aguinaldo
A Filipino revolutionary leader who fought against both Spanish and American colonial rule in the Philippines.
Philippine Insurrection
An armed conflict between Filipino revolutionaries and the United States, following the Spanish-American War, over Philippine independence.
Open Door Policy
A policy proposed by the United States in 1899, aimed at ensuring equal access to China's markets for all foreign nations.
Progressivism
A political and social movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that advocated for reforms addressing social, economic, and political problems.
Muckrakers:
Journalists who exposed corruption, social injustices, and corporate abuses, often through investigative reporting.
Social Gospel
A movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that emphasized applying Christian principles to social problems, such as poverty and inequality.
Settlement Houses
Community centers in urban areas, typically run by middle-class reformers, that provided social services and educational programs to immigrants and the urban poor.
NAWSA
This group, by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, was a leading organization advocating for women's suffrage in the United States. Their main goal was a Constitutional Amendment.
Eugene Debs
Treaty of Versailles
The peace treaty signed in 1919, which formally ended World War I. The US never ratified this treaty due to fear to being pulled into another war.
A group of U.S. senators, mostly Republicans, who opposed the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations, believing that American involvement in international affairs threatened national sovereignty.
A cultural and intellectual movement in the 1920s centered in a New York City borough, involving African American artists, writers, musicians, and intellectuals who celebrated black culture and heritage through their work.
A political scandal during the Harding administration involving the secret leasing of federal oil reserves in Wyoming, to private oil companies in exchange for bribes and kickbacks.
