1.2 Language of Anatomy, Anatomical Position, & Body Cavities (copy)

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151 Terms

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superior (cranial)

toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body (above)

<p>toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body (above)</p>
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inferior (caudal)

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body (below)

<p>away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body (below)</p>
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ventral (anterior)

toward or at the front of the body (in front of)

<p>toward or at the front of the body (in front of)</p>
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dorsal (posterior)

toward or at the back of the body (behind)

<p>toward or at the back of the body (behind)</p>
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medial

toward or at the midline of the body (on the inner side of)

<p>toward or at the midline of the body (on the inner side of)</p>
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lateral

away from the midline of the body (on the outside of)

<p>away from the midline of the body (on the outside of)</p>
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intermediate

between a more medial & a more lateral structure

<p>between a more medial &amp; a more lateral structure</p>
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proximal

closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

<p>closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk</p>
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proximal

closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

<p>closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk</p>
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superficial (external)

toward or at the body surface. ex-skin

<p>toward or at the body surface. ex-skin</p>
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deep (internal)

away from the body surface (more internal). ex-organs

<p>away from the body surface (more internal). ex-organs</p>
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flexion

closing of a joint (bending). Angle of joint gets smaller.

<p>closing of a joint (bending). Angle of joint gets smaller. </p>
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extension

opening of a joint (straightening)

<p>opening of a joint (straightening) </p>
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abduction

movement away from midline.

<p>movement away from midline. </p>
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adduction

movement towards midline.

<p>movement towards midline.</p>
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dorsiflexion

flexion superiorly occurring at the subtalar (ankle) joint (movement of the toes “up)

<p>flexion superiorly occurring at the subtalar (ankle) joint (movement of the toes “up)</p>
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plantarflexion

flexion inferiorly occurring at the subtalar (ankle) joint (movement of the toes “down”)

<p>flexion inferiorly occurring at the subtalar (ankle) joint (movement of the toes “down”)</p>
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radial deviation

lateral movement of the wrist towards the radius (thumb side)

<p>lateral movement of the wrist towards the radius (thumb side)</p>
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ulnar deviation

medial movement of the wrist towards the ulna (pinky side)

<p>medial movement of the wrist towards the ulna (pinky side)</p>
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pronation

rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly or rotation of the ankle so the sole of the foot faces laterally.

<p>rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces posteriorly or rotation of the ankle so the sole of the foot faces laterally.</p>
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forearm; posteriorly; ankle; laterally

in pronation: rotation of the _______ so that the palm faces ______ or rotation of the ____ so the sole of the foot faces ______.

<p>in pronation: rotation of the _______ so that the palm faces ______ or rotation of the ____ so the sole of the foot faces ______.</p>
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supination

rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly or rotation of the ankle so the sole of the foot faces medially.

<p>rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly or rotation of the ankle so the sole of the foot faces medially.</p>
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forearm; anteriorly; ankle; medially

in supination: rotation of the _____ so that the palm faces ______ or rotation of the ______ so the sole of the foot faces _______.

<p>in supination: rotation of the _____ so that the palm faces ______ or rotation of the ______ so the sole of the foot faces _______.</p>
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superiorly; subtalar (ankle); up

in dorsiflexion: flexion _______ occurring at the _______ joint (movement of the toes “____”)

<p>in dorsiflexion: flexion _______ occurring at the _______ joint (movement of the toes “____”)</p>
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inferiorly; subtalar (ankle); down

in plantarflexion: flexion _____ occurring at the _____ joint (movement of the toes “_____”)

<p>in plantarflexion: flexion _____ occurring at the _____ joint (movement of the toes “_____”)</p>
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supinated

hands are ____ in anatomical position

<p>hands are ____ in anatomical position</p>
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elevation

upward movement of a structure

<p>upward movement of a structure</p>
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depression

downward movement of a structure

<p>downward movement of a structure</p>
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retraction

movement of a structure to be drawn in the posterior direction (drawn backward)

<p>movement of a structure to be drawn in the posterior direction (drawn backward)</p>
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posterior; backward

in retraction: movement of a structure to be drawn in the _____ direction (drawn ______)

<p>in retraction: movement of a structure to be drawn in the _____ direction (drawn ______)</p>
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protraction

movement of a structure to be drawn in the anterior direction (drawn forward)

<p>movement of a structure to be drawn in the anterior direction (drawn forward)</p>
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anterior; forward

in protraction: movement of a structure to be drawn in the ____ direction (drawn _____)

<p>in protraction: movement of a structure to be drawn in the ____ direction (drawn _____)</p>
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lateral

in radial deviation: ______ movement of the wrist towards the radius.

<p>in radial deviation: ______ movement of the wrist towards the radius. </p>
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medial

in ulnar deviation: _________ movement of the wrist towards the ulna

<p>in ulnar deviation: _________ movement of the wrist towards the ulna</p>
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anatomical position

the medical reference point of a standard body position

<p>the medical reference point of a standard body position</p>
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  • Body is vertical with feet slightly apart: looks like someone who’s standing at attention.

  • Palms of hands & eyes face forward (in supination), & thumbs point away from the body.

  • Palms face forward so that the bones in the forearm (radius & ulna) are uncrossed.

  • Legs are shoulder width apart & toes face forward.

describe the body in anatomical position

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vertical; apart; at attention

forward; supination; away;

forearm; radius & ulna; uncrossed

shoulder width apart; forward

in anatomical position:

Body is _____ with feet slightly ____: looks like someone who’s standing ____.

Palms of hands & eyes face _____ (in _____), & thumbs point ___ from the body.

Palms face forward so that the bones in the ____ (____ & ____) are ______.

Legs are ______ & toes face _____.

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anatomical position

Directional terms used in A&P refer to the body as it’s in _____.

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viewed; opposite

Right & left refer to those sides of the body (or patient) being ____, NOT those of the observer.

As the observer, it’s ______ of your own right & left.

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in relation to

Anatomical position & directional terms allow us to explain where 1 body part is _____ another.

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lateral

ears are ____ to the nose

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axial & appendicular divisions/parts

The body can be divided into 2 regional divisions/parts: the __________

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2 main divisions/regional areas of the body

axial & appendicular

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axial division

  • makes up the axis of the body & is found at the midline.

  • includes the head, neck, spine, ribcage & trunk.

<ul><li><p>makes up the axis of the body &amp; is found at the midline. </p></li><li><p>includes the head, neck, spine, ribcage &amp; trunk.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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axis; midline

head, neck, spine, ribcage & trunk

axial division: makes up the _____ of the body & is found at the _____.

includes the _____, ____, ____, ____ & ____.

<p>axial division: makes up the _____ of the body &amp; is found at the _____. </p><p>includes the _____, ____, ____, ____ &amp; ____.</p>
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appendicular division

  • consists of the appendages or limbs that are attached to the axis of the body (attached to the axial skeleton), such as the arms, legs, & the pelvic & pectoral (shoulder) girdles that serve as a point of attachment.

  • Includes arms, pelvis, shoulders, & legs.

<ul><li><p>consists of the appendages or limbs that are attached to the axis of the body (attached to the axial skeleton), such as the arms, legs, &amp; the pelvic &amp; pectoral (shoulder) girdles that serve as a point of attachment.</p></li><li><p>Includes arms, pelvis, shoulders, &amp; legs.</p></li></ul>
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appendages; limbs; axis

arms, legs, pelvic, pectoral, point of attachment

appendicular division: consists of the ______ or _____ that are attached to the ____ of the body (attached to the axial skeleton), such as the ____, ____, & the _______ & _____ (shoulder) girdles that serve as a _____

<p>appendicular division: consists of the ______ or _____ that are attached to the ____ of the body (attached to the axial skeleton), such as the ____, ____, &amp; the _______ &amp; _____ (shoulder) girdles that serve as a _____</p>
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arms, legs, pelvis, shoulders.

the appendicular division includes the ____, ____, _____, ______

<p>the appendicular division includes the ____, ____, _____, ______</p>
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planes; right angles; plane

The body can also be divided into sections, or _____: sagittal, frontal, & transverse _____, which lie at ______ to one another.

A section is named for the ______ along which it can be cut.

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sagittal, frontal (coronal), transverse

3 planes of the body

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sagittal

  • a cut along a ______ plane results in a ______ section

  • a vertical plane that divides the body into right & left sections.

<ul><li><p>a cut along a ______ plane results in a ______ section</p></li><li><p>a vertical plane that divides the body into right &amp; left sections.</p></li></ul>
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vertical; right & left sections

A sagittal plane is a _____ plane that divides the body into ____ & ____ sections.

<p>A sagittal plane is a _____ plane that divides the body into ____ &amp; ____ sections.</p>
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median plane or midsagittal plane

  • A sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline

  • divides the body into equal left & right sections

<ul><li><p>A sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline </p></li><li><p>divides the body into equal left &amp; right sections</p></li></ul>
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midline

median plane or midsagittal plane: lies exactly in the _____

divides the body into equal left & right sections

<p>median plane or midsagittal plane: lies exactly in the _____ </p><p>divides the body into equal left &amp; right sections</p>
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parasagittal plane

divides the body into unequal left & right parts.

<p>divides the body into unequal left &amp; right parts.</p>
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unequal

parasagittal plane: divides the body into _____ left & right parts.

<p>parasagittal plane: divides the body into _____ left &amp; right parts.</p>
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frontal (coronal) plane

vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) & posterior (back) sections.

<p>vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) &amp; posterior (back) sections.</p>
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vertical; anterior (front) & posterior (back)

frontal (coronal) plane: ____ plane that divides the body into ____ & ___ sections.

<p>frontal (coronal) plane: ____ plane that divides the body into ____ &amp; ___ sections.</p>
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coronal

another name for frontal plane

<p>another name for frontal plane</p>
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transverse plane

  • runs horizontally from right to left & divides the body into superior & inferior parts.

  • A ______ section of the body is called a cross section.

<ul><li><p>runs horizontally from right to left &amp; divides the body into superior &amp; inferior parts.</p></li><li><p>A ______ section of the body is called a cross section.</p></li></ul>
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horizontally; right to left; superior & inferior

cross section

transverse plane: runs ______ from ______& divides the body into _____ & _____ parts.

A transverse section of the body is called a _____.

<p>transverse plane: runs ______ from ______&amp; divides the body into _____ &amp; _____ parts.</p><p>A transverse section of the body is called a _____.</p>
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cross section

A transverse section of the body

<p>A transverse section of the body </p>
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transverse

a cross section is a _____ section of the body

<p>a cross section is a _____ section of the body</p>
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oblique sections

cuts made diagonally between the horizontal & vertical planes.

<p>cuts made diagonally between the horizontal &amp; vertical planes.</p>
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diagonally

oblique sections: cuts made ______ between the horizontal & vertical planes.

<p>oblique sections: cuts made ______ between the horizontal &amp; vertical planes.</p>
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2 main body cavities

dorsal & ventral

<p>dorsal &amp; ventral</p>
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dorsal & ventral

2 main body cavities

provide protection to the organs housed within them.

<p>2 main body cavities</p><p>provide protection to the organs housed within them.</p>
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<p>dorsal cavity</p>

dorsal cavity

cavity that protects the nervous system organs (brain & spinal cord), which tend to be very fragile.

<p>cavity that protects the nervous system organs (brain &amp; spinal cord), which tend to be very fragile.</p>
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<p>nervous system; brain &amp; spinal cord; fragile</p>

nervous system; brain & spinal cord; fragile

dorsal cavity: protects the ______ organs (___ &___), which tend to be very ___.

<p>dorsal cavity: protects the ______ organs (___ &amp;___), which tend to be very ___.</p>
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2 cavities within the dorsal cavity

cranial & spinal/vertebral

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cranial & spinal/vertebral

2 cavities within the dorsal cavity

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continuous

the cranial & spinal/vertebral cavities are ______ with each other

<p>the cranial &amp; spinal/vertebral cavities are ______ with each other</p>
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Cranial cavity

sits in the skull & houses the brain.

<p>sits in the skull &amp; houses the brain.</p>
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skull; brain

Cranial cavity: sits in the ___ & houses the _____.

<p>Cranial cavity: sits in the ___ &amp; houses the _____.</p>
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Vertebral or spinal cavity

runs within the bony vertebral column & encases the spinal cord.

<p>runs within the bony vertebral column &amp; encases the spinal cord.</p>
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bony vertebral column; spinal cord

Vertebral or spinal cavity: runs within the ______ & encases the _____.

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ventral body cavity

is anterior & the larger of the 2 body cavities.

above the diaphragm

Within the _____ cavity are the thoracic cavity & abdominopelvic cavity.

The _____ cavity houses the visceral organs.

<p>is anterior &amp; the larger of the 2 body cavities.</p><p>above the diaphragm</p><p>Within the _____ cavity are the thoracic cavity &amp; abdominopelvic cavity.</p><p>The _____ cavity houses the visceral organs.</p>
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ventral; thoracic; abdominopelvic; visceral

is anterior & the larger of the 2 body cavities.

Within the _____ cavity are the _____ cavity & _____ cavity.

The _____ cavity houses the ____ organs.

<p>is anterior &amp; the larger of the 2 body cavities.</p><p>Within the _____ cavity are the _____ cavity &amp; _____ cavity.</p><p>The _____ cavity houses the ____ organs.</p>
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medical imaging devices

sectional

  • Understanding the planes is important in using _______.

  • Newer _________ create ______ images.

  • Cross section of tissue looks very diff from the organ or body part from where it’s taken.

  • Knowing how to cut the tissue is very important to understanding what you’re looking at in diagnosing disease.

<ul><li><p>Understanding the planes is important in using _______.</p></li><li><p>Newer _________ create ______ images.</p></li><li><p>Cross section of tissue looks very diff from the organ or body part from where it’s taken.</p></li><li><p>Knowing how to cut the tissue is very important to understanding what you’re looking at in diagnosing disease.</p></li></ul>
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different

Cross section of tissue looks very _____ from the organ or body part from where it’s taken.

<p>Cross section of tissue looks very _____ from the organ or body part from where it’s taken.</p>
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nervous; brain & spinal cord

______ system organs in the dorsal cavity

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2 cavities within the ventral cavity

thoracic cavity & abdominopelvic cavity.

<p>thoracic cavity &amp; abdominopelvic cavity.</p>
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thoracic cavity & abdominopelvic cavity.

2 cavities within the ventral cavity

<p>2 cavities within the ventral cavity</p>
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thoracic cavity

  • superior/upper portion of ventral cavity

  • protected by the ribs & muscles found within the chest.

  • further divided into the…

    • 2 Lateral pleural cavities: each contain 1 lung (L & R) & the…

    • Pericardial cavity: center portion; surrounds the heart.

  • Also encloses the _____ organs (esophagus & trachea) & contains the pelvic region.

  • Located in the mediastinum: a subsection of the _____ cavity situated between the pleural cavities. In the middle of the _____ cavity.

<ul><li><p>superior/upper portion of ventral cavity</p></li><li><p>protected by the ribs &amp; muscles found within the chest.</p></li><li><p>further divided into the…</p><ul><li><p>2 Lateral pleural cavities: each contain 1 lung (L &amp; R) &amp; the…</p></li><li><p>Pericardial cavity: center portion; surrounds the heart.</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Also encloses the _____ organs (esophagus &amp; trachea) &amp; contains the pelvic region.</p></li><li><p>Located in the mediastinum: a subsection of the _____ cavity situated between the pleural cavities. In the middle of the _____ cavity.</p></li></ul>
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superior/upper portion; ventral

ribs; muscles; chest

thoracic cavity: ______ portion of _____ cavity

protected by the ____ & _____ found within the _____.

<p>thoracic cavity: ______ portion of _____ cavity</p><p>protected by the ____ &amp; _____ found within the _____.</p>
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2 lateral pleural cavities & pericardial cavity; mediastinum

the thoracic cavity is divided into ____ & _____ located in the _______

<p>the thoracic cavity is divided into ____ &amp; _____ located in the _______</p>
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2 Lateral pleural cavities

each contain 1 lung (left & right)

<p>each contain 1 lung (left &amp; right)</p>
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Pericardial cavity

center portion of thoracic cavity; surrounds the heart.

encloses the thoracic organs (esophagus & trachea) & contains the pelvic region.

located in the mediastinum: a subsection of the thoracic cavity situated between the pleural cavities. In the middle of the thoracic cavity.

<p>center portion of thoracic cavity; surrounds the heart.</p><p>encloses the thoracic organs (esophagus &amp; trachea) &amp; contains the pelvic region.</p><p>located in the mediastinum: a subsection of the thoracic cavity situated between the pleural cavities. In the middle of the thoracic cavity.</p>
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1 lung each (left & right)

the 2 lateral pleural cavities contain _____

<p>the 2 lateral pleural cavities contain _____</p>
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center; heart

esophagus & trachea; pelvic

mediastinum

the pericardial cavity:

is in the ____ portion of thoracic cavity; surrounds the ____.

encloses the thoracic organs (____ & ____) & contains the ____ region.

located in the ______: a subsection of the thoracic cavity situated between the pleural cavities. In the middle of the thoracic cavity.

<p>the pericardial cavity:</p><p>is in the ____ portion of thoracic cavity; surrounds the ____.</p><p>encloses the thoracic organs (____ &amp; ____) &amp; contains the ____ region.</p><p>located in the ______: a subsection of the thoracic cavity situated between the pleural cavities. In the middle of the thoracic cavity.</p>
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esophagus & trachea

the thoracic organs are _____ & _____

<p>the thoracic organs are _____ &amp; _____</p>
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the thoracic cavity organs

esophagus & trachea

<p>esophagus &amp; trachea</p>
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mediastinum

a subsection of the thoracic cavity situated between the pleural cavities. In the middle of the thoracic cavity.

the pericardial cavity is located here

<p>a subsection of the thoracic cavity situated between the pleural cavities. In the middle of the thoracic cavity.</p><p>the pericardial cavity is located here</p>
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thoracic; pleural cavities

middle

pericardial

mediastinum: a subsection of the _____ cavity situated between the _____. In the ____ of the thoracic cavity.

the ______ cavity is located here

<p>mediastinum: a subsection of the _____ cavity situated between the _____. In the ____ of the thoracic cavity.</p><p>the ______ cavity is located here</p>
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diaphragm

The thoracic cavity is divided from the abdominopelvic cavity by the ____

<p>The thoracic cavity is divided from the abdominopelvic cavity by the ____</p>
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diaphragm

a dome-shaped muscle that is vital to the breathing mechanism.

divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

<p>a dome-shaped muscle that is vital to the breathing mechanism.</p><p>divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity</p>
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thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity

the diaphragm dividies the _____ from the ____

<p>the diaphragm dividies the _____ from the ____</p>
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dome; breathing

diaphragm: a _______- shaped muscle that is vital to the ____ mechanism.

<p>diaphragm: a _______- shaped muscle that is vital to the ____ mechanism.</p>
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Abdominopelvic cavity

inferior/lower portion of ventral cavity; has 2 parts: the abdominal cavity & pelvic cavity.

<p>inferior/lower portion of ventral cavity; has 2 parts: the abdominal cavity &amp; pelvic cavity.</p>
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inferior/lower portion of ventral cavity; has 2 parts: the abdominal cavity & pelvic cavity.

Abdominopelvic cavity

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