Mizzou Anatomy - Exam 2

• support

• protection

• movement

• hemopoiesis (blood cell production)

• mineral reserves

what are the five functions of the skeletal system

206

how many bones are in the human body

axial

The ______ Skeleton includes : skull, vertebral column, sternum and ribs

appendicular

The ______ Skeleton includes : perctoral girdle, upper limb, pelvis, and lower limb

foramen

what is a hole in a bone

fossa

what is a depression in a bone

process

what is a projection from bone, narrow or wide

epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

What is the name of the location where normal long bone growth occurs?

injury to this structure could cause the bone to stop growing normally.

How would injury to the epiphyseal plate affect a patient?

Lacunae

What spaces house osteocytes?

Central canals

In what spaces are blood vessels found?

No. Spongy bone does not contain osteons made of lamellae surrounding a central canal. Osteons are only found in compact bone

Would a histologic slide of spongy (= trabecular) bone look the same? Why or why not?

Compact Bone

Which type of bone is superficial?

Compact or spongy

spongy bone

Which type of bone is deep?

Compact or spongy

Compact Bone

Which of these types of bone tissue contains osteons?

Spongy Bone

Which of these types of bone contains trabeculae?

trachea, nose, nasal cartilages

identify two locations where you would find hyaline cartilage

Cartilage Cells

What are chondrocytes?

Lacunae

What is the name of the spaces in which they are located?

Epiphyseal plate

What is the name of the location at which long bone longitudinal growth occurs?

Femoral head

Which part of which bone articulates with the acetabulum?

Ischial Tuberosity

Which structure do you sit on?

Pelvic Inlet

Through which bony passage do babies pass through first during birth?

Ischium and Pubis

Which bone(s) make up the borders of the obturator foramen?

Ilium, ischium, and pubis

Which bone(s) comprise the acetabulum?

Hip Joint

What joint is the acetabulum part of?

Tibia and Talus

If you have pain flexing and extending your ankle, this pain is between which bones?

Calcaneus

If you have pain in your heel when you land on it during heel strike while walking, which bone is involved?

Metatarsals

If you have pain on the balls of your feet when you walk, which bones are involved?

head

Which part of the femur articulates with the acetabulum?

Fovea Capitis

Which part is the site of attachment of a ligament within the hip joint?

Greater and Lesser Trochanters

Which parts of the femur serve as important attachment sites of hip muscles?

Linea Aspera

Which structure runs along the posterior aspect of the diaphysis?

Head of Humerus

With which part of another bone does the glenoid cavity articulate?

Acromion

What part articulates with the clavicle?

Supraspinous fossa

What is the area called superior to the scapular spine

Infraspinous fossa

What is the area inferior to the scapular spine?

Subscapular Fossa

What area is on the anterior surface of the scapula?

Flexion / Extension

What motions occur between the ulna and humerus?

Pronation / supination

What motions occur between radius and ulna?

Pronation / supination & Flexion / Extension

What motions occur between humerus and radius?

Metacarpals

Which bones make up the palm of the hand?

Phalanges

Which bones make up the fingers?

Femur

With which bone does the proximal end of the tibia articulate?

Femur

With which bone does the patella articulate?

tibia

With which bone does the proximal end of the fibula articulate?

Interosseus Membrane

What structure connects the tibia and fibula throughout their length?

capitulum

Which is located further lateral, the capitulum or trochlea?

Sternum; manubrium

With which bone does the clavicle articulate medially? Which part of this bone?

Scapula; acromion

With which bone does the clavicle articulate laterally? Which part of this bone?

sternoclavicular joint

Where is the only bony articulation between the pectoral girdle and sternum?

Protracts and rotates scapula, hold scapula against body wall

What is the action of the serratus anterior?

scapula

where does the serratus anterior attach posterior/medially

ribs

where does the serratus anterior attach anteriorly/lateraly

humerus

where does the deltoid attach distally

clavicle and scapular spine

where does the deltoid attach medially

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Which four muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Teres minor & infraspinatus

Which two of these muscles(Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis) laterally rotate the arm?

supraspinatous

Which one abducts the arm?(Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis)

subscapularis

Which one medially rotates the arm?
(Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis)

flex forearm

what is the action of the brachialis

triceps brachii

which muscles is the the antagonist muscles of the biceps brachii

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

Which four muscles comprise the quadriceps group?

extend the leg

What action does the quadricep muscle produce at the knee joint

Rectus femoris

Which of the muscles of the quadriceps group also crosses the hip joint?

flex the thigh

What action does the rectus femoris produce at the hip?

Rotator cuff – supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Which muscles hold the humeral head against the scapula? List all off them.

Thenar muscles

If you are unable to oppose your pollex to the other digits, which muscle group is affected?

Interosseus muscles

If you are unable to hold a piece of paper between your second and third fingers, which muscle group is affected?

Hypothenar muscles

if you cannot move your 5 th finger to oppose the thumb when attempting to grip an object, which muscle group is affected?

extend the hip

What is the function of the gluteus maximus

to extend the hip and flex the knee

What is the function of the Hamstring

scapula

What is the proximal attachment of the long head of the triceps brachii

humerus

What is the proximal attachment of the lateral and medial head of the triceps brachii

supraspinatous

What muscle is attached to the supraspinous fossa?

infraspinatus & teres minor

What muscles are located in the infraspinous fossa?

subscapularis

What muscle is attached to the subscapular fossa?

Elevate the scapula (shrug shoulders)

If you contract the superior fibers of the trapezius muscle, what action will be produced?

Retract the scapula (pull shoulder dorsally or posteriorly)

If you contract the intermediate fibers (transverse) of the trapezius muscle, what action

Depress scapula and depress shoulder

If you contract the inferior fibers of the trapezius, what action will be produced?

Trapezius & serratus anterior

Which two muscles act together to rotate the scapula so that the glenoid is directed superiorly?

Foramen magnum

What is the name of the opening through which the spinal cord passes?

Occipital condyles

What is the name of the parts of this bone that articulate with the atlas?

Frontal

Which bone forms the superior margin of the orbit?

The temporal bone and the mandible

The temporomandibular joint is the articulation between which two bones?

Mandibular fossa

What structure of the temporal bone forms the articulation with the mandible?

Condyle

What part of the mandible articulates with the skull?

Alveolar processes

What part of the mandible holds the teeth?

Palatine & maxilla

Which of the bones form the hard palate?

Vomer and Ethmoid

Which bones forms part of the nasal septum?

Occipital bone

Which bone in the skull articulates with the vertebral column?

Maxilla

Which bone forms most of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

Lacrimal duct, tears

What passes through the lacrimal canal?

Nasal

What cavity does the lacrimal canal lead into?

Petrous portion of temporal

Which houses the inner ear, where the organs of hearing and balance are located?

Ethmoid

The cribriform plate is part of which bone?

Olfactory nerves (sense of smell)

what passes through the holes in the cribiform plate

Frontal, sphenoid, temporal, occipital

Which bones articulate with the parietal bones?

sound

What passes through the external auditory meatus?

Temporal

What bone is the external auditory meatus part of?