Introduction to Crop Protection

This flashcard set covers the basic definitions, types of pests, categories of damage, and specific pathogens/pests associated with crop protection as outlined in the introductory lecture.

__________ is defined as any organism which causes damage and losses to agriculture by feeding or parasitizing on crops in pre or post-harvest seasons.

Crop pest

The codling moth larval, scientifically known as __________, is an example of a pest that parasitizes apples.

$$Cydia\,pomonella$$

Examples of vertebrate pests provided in the lecture include birds, rats, and __________.

squirrels

Pathogens that act as crop pests include bacteria, viruses, and __________.

fungi

Invertebrate pests consist of insects, mites, __________, snails, and slugs.

nematodes

Types of weeds that affect crops include broadleaf, grassy, and __________.

sedge

__________ injury occurs when a pest directly feeds on crops by eating leaves, fruits, roots, or burrowing in stems.

Direct

__________ damage occurs when a pest transmits bacterial, viral, or fungal diseases to crops with little direct harm from the pest itself.

Indirect

The science and practice of managing plant diseases, weeds, and other pests that damage agricultural crops and forestry is known as __________.

Crop protection

In terms of climatic changes, __________ become a bigger problem due to high temperatures.

bacteria

According to the notes, nematodes move according to __________.

soil temperature

Insect pests destroy crops in the field through activities such as biting, chewing, boring, sucking, and __________.

defoliation

The presence of pests can increase the __________ during the course of controlling them.

cost of production

Wheat infected by __________ (BYDV) is a common symptom of viral attack.

Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus

Fruit rot of strawberry and grapes is caused by the fungus __________.

$$Botrytis\,cinerea$$

Maize suffering from Northern Corn Leaf Blight (NCLB) is attacked by the pathogen __________.

$$Exserohilum\,turcicum$$

Bacterial rice blight is caused by the pathogen __________.

$$Xanthomonas\,oryzae\,pv.\,oryzae$$

The cyst nematode that affects potatoes is named __________.

$$Globodera\,pallida$$

The effect of the Tomato Leaf Miner, also known as __________, is a significant symptom of insect damage on tomatoes.

$$Tuta\,absoluta$$

The potato beetle, __________, is an insect pest mentioned for its impact on potato crops.

$$Leptinotarsa\,decemlineata$$