Kamsc Honors Biology- Semester 1 exam Ch. 1-3 and Carbon Time

What is the scientific process?

1) observing and asking questions

2) forming a hypothesis

3) designing an experiment

4) collecting an analyzing data

5) drawing conclusions

6) constructing a theory

7) communicating ideas

What is the definition of science?

An organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world

What are the two types of hypotheses?

null and alternative

King

Henry

Dies

Unexpectedly

Drinking

Chocolate

Milk

Kilo(1000)

Hecto(100)

Deca(10)

Unit(1)

Deci(0.1)

Centi(0.01)

Mili(0.001)

null hypothesis

Due to chance alone

alternative hypothesis

Not due to chance alone

Important characteristic of a good hypothesis

Compels inquiry

Two most essential components of an experiment

Control, Testing only one variable

Celsius to Fahrenheit

F = 9/5C + 32

Fahrenheit to Celsius

C=5/9(F-32)

Celsius to Fahrenheit

K = C + 273

What are the two different types of measuring pipettes?

To contain, To dispense

What is accuracy?

Nearness of a measurement to its accepted value-requires a known value

What is Precision?

Reproducibility of experimental data-does NOT require a known value

Significant figures rules

How many sig figs in 0.000070

2

Innate Beliefs

Beliefs formed from an inner sense or gut feeling

Revelation

Beliefs that arise from an awakening to the truth

Empiricism

Beliefs based on practical experience and observation which form the base of science inquiry

Mysticism/Paranormal

Beliefs beyond the realm of science, like tea leaves and crystals

Dogmatism

Beliefs based on assumed authority, religion, or folklore.

What should the margin of error be

nearest half incrimint

what is the curve line called in a graduated cylinder

meniscus

What is an atom

Smallest unit of matter, cannot be broken down by chemical means, lasts forever

What makes up an atom?

Protons(+1 charge), electrons(-1 charge), Neutron (neutral charge)

Element

Pure substance made of only one type of atom

Compound

a substance of two or more different elements

Covalent bond

Sharing of electrons

Molecule

group of atoms held by a covalent bond

Hydrogen bond

Weak chemical bond between polar molecules(not atoms)

polar molecule

Unequal distribution of electric charge

Ionic bonds

Bonds formed between ions with opposite charges

Ions

An atom or a molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons

van der Waals forces

Weak attractions that occur when molecules are close together, and oppositely charged regions in nearby molecules are attracted or repelled

What percent of your body is made of water

70%

What is Homeostasis

Biological balance

Cohesion

The attraction between substances of the same kind

Adhesion

The attraction between different substances

capillary action

the attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid

Solution

A mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance

What is polarity?

unequal distribution of electron charge

Acid

A compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Base

A compound that reduces the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Buffers

weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp, sudden changes in pH

Organic compounds

carbon-based molecules found in living things

Macromolocules/polymers

Large molecules made of smaller units called monomers

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1.

Test for carbohydrates- Positive?

Iodine test-turns dark blue

Monsaccrides

Single sugars that are the building blocks of carbs

Important energy storage molecules (carbohydrates)

Starch-plants

Glycogen-animals

Important structural molecules

Cellulose in plant structure

Chitin in animal support

What are lipids?

non polar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol

Two types of fats

saturated and unsaturated

proteins

large organic molecule made of amino acids

Nucleic acids

A long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides

Nucleotide

Three parts- sugar, base, phosphate group

two types of nucleic acids

DNA and RNA

ATP

the main energy currency of cells

Energy

The ability to change or move matter

Activation energy

the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

Chemical reaction

When chemical bonds between atoms are broken and new ones are formed, producing one or more different substances

exergonic reaction

Heat energy is released

endergonic reaction

Heat energy is absorbed

Enzymes

Substances that increase the speed of chemical reactions

Substrate

A substance on which an enzyme as

Active site

the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate

Proteins test- Positive?

Buiret-purple

Lipids test- Positive?

Sudan III- Hot pink

Nucleic acid test- Positive?

diphenylamine test-blue/purple(DNA), Green (RNA)

When a log burns, where does the heat and light energy come from?

The log

What provides the most energy to the flame that burns the log?

Energy stored in the log

Where does the heat and light energy in the flame that burns the log come from?

CC and CH bonds, when lit they break and produce a flame

When a log burns where does its energy goes

Ashes, CO2, and water vapor

Carbon is an atom not a molecule(T/F)

True

There is Carbon in pure air(T/F)

True

What is water

molocule

What is carbon

An atom

What is nitrogen

Both an atom and a molocule

What is Carbon dioxide

A molocule

Definition of combustion

a reaction where a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen often producing heat and light

When ethanol burns, where does the energy come from

The ethanol

What is ecology?

The study of interactions of living organisms with one another and with their physical environment

What is the biosphere?

the part of Earth where life exists

Who founded ecology?

Ernst Haeckel

Levels of orgnanization

species, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biomes

What is a species?

A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.

What is a population?

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

What is a community?

All the different populations that live together in an area

What is an ecosystem?

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment (abiotic and biotic).

What is a biome?

A group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms

What is biodiversity?

the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

What are ecological methods?

Observing, experimenting, modeling

Energy flows...

...matter cycles

What is the main source of energy?

The sun

Producers

autotrophs

Consumers

hetertrophs

Chemosynthesis

Process by which some organisms, such as certain bacteria, use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates

Photosynthesis (primary productivity)

Process of turning light into energy

primary productivity

determines the amount of energy available in an ecosystem

How much energy is passed on to each trophic level?

10%