Chap 6: Movement through Membranes

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22 Terms

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Solute

A substance which is dissolved, e.g. salt, sugar, coffee.

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Solvent

A liquid that is capable of dissolving substances, e.g. water (known as the universal solvent)

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Solution

Mixture of solute and solvent, e.g. salt water, mi wadi.

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Hypotonic solution

A solution with a low solute concentration, e.g. weak dilute.

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Isotonic solution

When two solutions have equal solute concentrations, e.g. isotonic sports drinks have the same concentration as bodily fluids.

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Hypertonic solution

A solution with a high solute concentration, i.e. is concentrated/strong, e.g. espresso

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Selectively permeable

Allows some substances to pass through, e.g. water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, but do not allow others, e.g. sugars, proteins, salts, unless needed.

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Permeable

Allows all substances to pass through

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Non-permeable

Does not allow any substances to pass through

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Diffusion

The movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane. Passive transport method, and takes place along a concentration gradient, i.e. high to low

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Passive transport

No energy is required for this process

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Everyday examples of diffusion

Smells- baked bread, perfume. Coffee or sugar granules. Gas exchange

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Gaseous Exchange Animals

Oxygen leaves the alveolus across one cell, i.e. diffusion. O2 enters a capillary and is taken to where respiration occurs.

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Osmosis

The movement of water molecules from a region of high water concentration to a region of high low water concentration across a semi permeable membrane.

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Amoeba

If amoeba becomes hypertonic inside, it will draw water across its membrane by osmosis, i.e. carrying out osmoregulation.

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Osmoregulation

The control or regulation of water content of blood and cells.

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Animal cell in a solution of the same concentration

Water will move in and out at the same rate and cell will remain intact.

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Animal cell in a solution less concentrated

Water from outside will move into the cell and may cause it to burst or die.

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Animal cell in a more concentrated solution

Water will leave the animal cell and the cell will shrivel up and die.

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In a hypertonic solution

Red blood cells shrivelled

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In an isotonic solution

Balanced

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In a hypotonic solution

Incredibly turgid