Bio Final Exam

What is the most significant influence on the distribution of organisms on land?

climate

What are the 4 components of climate?

temperature, rain, sunlight, and wind

At what degree latitude does the sun have more heat per unit surface area?

23\.5 north latitude and 23.5 south latitude

Intense solar radiation near the equator initiates

a global pattern of air circulation and percipitation

At what degrees latitude (north and south) does air masses rise and release abundant precipitation?

around 60 degrees

At what degree latitude does tropical deciduous forest (wet and dry land) grow?

20 degrees north and south latitude

Which action influences the abiotic components of an organism's environment?    

water pollution

Which aspects of a region's climate have the most impact on plants and animals?

temperature and moisture

Which location on Earth receives the most solar radiation per unit area?

the equator

What are the two major factors determining the distribution of terrestrial biomes?

temperature and rainfall

Which of these is the largest terrestrial biome on Earth?

coniferous forest

What is organismal ecology?

the study of the structure, physiology and behavior in relation to the environment

What is population ecology?

the study of the amount of individuals of a particular species in a certain area

What is community ecology?

the study of how species interact in a community (prediation, competition)

What is the distribution for tropical rainforest?

equatorial and subequatorial regions

What is the distribution for deserts?

occurs in bands near 30 north and south latitude

What is the distribution for coniferous forest?

a broad band across north america and eurasia

What is the distribution for temperate forest?

mainly in midaltitude in northern hemisphere

Describe the tropical forest biome.

constant rainfall, high year-round temperatures, canopy

Describe the desert biome.

low precipitation, temperature depends daily on the season

Describe the coniferous forest biome.

cold winters hot summers, animals in this biome contain moose and bears, droghts re common

Describe the temperate forest biome.

significant amount of rainfall for all seasons, canopy, cold winters hot summers

What are examples of biotic factors?

competitors, predators, and disease

What are examples of abiotic factors?

temperature, soil, water and sunlight

What are the five rules for predicting regional climate?

1. solar radiation heats the earths surface unevenly
2. Global convection cells form
3. The Earth spins causing the Coriolis effect
4. Wind pushes into water which causes ocean gyers
5. seasonality, topography, and geography

Where do the tropic easterlies wind direction occur?

0-30 degrees

Where do the tropic westerlies wind direction occur?

30-60 degrees

What is clumped dispersion?

individuals group together in patches; most common pattern due to habitat factors

Why do deserts occur at 30 N and S latitude?

because of the descending air mass in the region; as air descends its temperature increases and humidity levels decline making rain less likely

Where do temperate broadleaf forest occur and why?

on eastern margins of continents due to the movement of warm, moist air masses moving from east to west longitudinal direction

What is uniform dispersion?

individuals are evenly spaced; usually behavioral; territoriality

What is random dispersion?

unpredictable spacng; rare

What is the variable for rate increase per capita?

r

If a population is growing

r > 0

If a population is declining

r < 0

How do you calculate the per capita.

\# of individuals/ the number of species scaled

Rate of change equals

rate of change = gain rate (births) - loss rate (deaths); per capita mesurement needed first

Population Growth increment equals

G (growth increment) = rN (rate of increase)(population size); use this to find the number of individuals added to the population per unit time

What does density dependent regulation mean?

death rate rise and birth rates fall with rising density (negative feedback)

What does density independent regulation mean?

birth or death rate does not change with population density; death rates not related to population size

What does carrying capacity mean?

maximum population size that a particular environment can support; not fixed; changes with the environment; speices, environment, and habitat dependent

A logistic growth graph is represented as

an s curve

A exponential growth graph is represented as

j curve

The Logistic growth model is

density dependent and factors in K; The per capita rate of increase declines as carrying capacity is approached

hypothetical continent

Global air patterns map